ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2020
Dendritic cells release exosomes together with phagocytosed pathogen; potential implications for the role of exosomes in antigen presentation.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progress in research on the role of exosomal miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Recent progress of dendritic cell-derived exosomes in tumor immunotherapy.Investigational new drugs · 2026Review
- Exosome-enabled bone defect repair: mechanistic foundations, bioengineered delivery, and artificial intelligence-driven translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Exosomal nanocarriers of immune fate: molecular insights into cancer immunity, pathogen defense, and emerging immunotherapies.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Unveiling the role of extracellular vesicles in HIV infection: molecular mechanisms, viral persistence, and therapeutic opportunities.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in Graves' disease and Graves' orbitopathy: immunoregulatory mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in viral disease management.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- 80 years of extracellular vesicles: from discovery to clinical translation.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Cell secretome as a potential anticancer therapeutic agent: composition, mechanisms, preclinical evidence, and translational challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles in Emerging Cancer Vaccine Platforms.Small science · 2025Review
- Exosome-Based Therapeutics: A Natural Solution to Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) in Advancing Cancer Therapies: Immune System Interactions, Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs), and the Role of Exosomes and Inflammasomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exosome-mediated Crosstalk in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Critical Drivers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2025Review
- Dendritic cell-derived exosomes as anti-cancer cell-free agents: new insights into enhancing immunogenic effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Engineered exosomes: a promising drug delivery platform with therapeutic potential.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Prospect of extracellular vesicles in tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The two coin sides of bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles: atherosclerosis trigger or remedy.Discover nano · 2024Review
- The implications of exosomes in psoriasis: disease: emerging as new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) have the unique capacity to activate naïve T cells by presenting T cell receptor specific peptides from exogenously acquired antigens bound to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. MHC molecules are displayed on the DC plasma membrane as well as on extracellular vesicles (EV) that are released by DC, and both have antigen-presenting capacities. However, the physiological role of antigen presentation by EV is still unclear. We here demonstrate that the release of small EV by activated DC is strongly stimulated by phagocytic events. We show that, concomitant with the enhanced release of EV, a significant proportion of phagocytosed bacteria was expulsed back into the medium. High-resolution fluorescence microscopic images revealed that bacteria in phagosomes were surrounded by EV marker-proteins. Moreover, expulsed bacteria were often found associated with clustered HLA II and CD63. Together, these observations suggest that exosomes may be formed by the inward budding into phagosomes, whereupon they are secreted together with the phagosomal content. These findings may have important implications for selective loading of peptides derived from phagocytosed pathogens onto exosome associated HLA molecules, and have important implications for vaccine design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.