ReviewGut pathogens2020
Mechanisms and microbial influences on CTLA-4 and PD-1-based immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer: a narrative review.
Review in Gut pathogens, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiome-nitric oxide axis in cancer immunotherapy: a targeted qualitative systematic review of mechanistic and translational evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Microbiome-based diagnostic biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Current evidence and translational challenges (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- The microbiome: regulating anti-tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of gut microbiome in suppression of cancers.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Review
- The Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer: Understanding the Link and Exploring Therapeutic Interventions.Biology · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota in gastric cancer: from pathogenesis to precision medicine.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Nutritional strategies in supporting immune checkpoint inhibitor, PI3K inhibitor, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor cancer therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The microbial landscape of tumors: a deep dive into intratumoral microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The oncobiome; what, so what, now what?Microbiome research reports · 2025Review
- Reprogramming prostate cancer through the microbiome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Pharmacovigilance study of the frequency of gastrointestinal ulceration reports associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: insights from the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Modulation of the Immune Environment in Glioblastoma by the Gut Microbiota.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Research trends of next generation probiotics.Food science and biotechnology · 2024Review
- The oral cavity and intestinal microbiome in children with functional constipation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Gut microbes as medical signature for the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2024Review
- The Urinary Microbiome in Health and Disease: Relevance for Bladder Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Multi-omics-based investigation ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Exploring the regulatory mechanism of intestinal flora based on PD-1 receptor/ligand targeted cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Microbiome and cancer: from mechanistic implications in disease progression and treatment to development of novel antitumoral strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria and the response to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer can potentially be enhanced to allow patients to maximally respond to these treatments. Insight into the complex interaction between gut microbiota and the human adaptive immune system will help guide future immunotherapeutic cancer treatments to allow a more robust clinical response and fewer adverse effects in patients requiring these drugs. This review highlights these interactions as well as the potential for the creation of "oncomicrobiotics" that would selectively tailor one's GI bacteria to maximally respond to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 treatments will fewer adverse effects. MAIN BODY: CTLA-4 is an antigen on the surface of T cells which, upon stimulation, leads to inhibition of activated T cells to terminate the immune response. However, many types of tumor cells can upregulate CTLA-4 in the tumor microenvironment, allowing these cells to evade targeting and destruction by the body's immune system by prematurely inhibiting T cells. Increased representation of
conclusionThe creation of oncomicrobiotics may allow many patients receiving anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 immunotherapy to experience prolonged survival and a better quality of life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.