ArticleJournal of experimental pharmacology2020
New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Viloxazine: Serotonin and Norepinephrine Modulating Properties.
Article in Journal of experimental pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between ADHD and vision problems. A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- A post hoc analysis of the effect of viloxazine extended-release capsules on learning and school problems in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules in Pediatric Subjects With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Translating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-5 and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Effectiveness Scores into Clinical Global Impressions Clinical Significance Levels in Four Randomized Clinical Trials of SPN-812 (Viloxazine Extended-Release) in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- A Phase 3 Placebo-Controlled Trial of Once-Daily 400-mg and 600-mg SPN-812 (Viloxazine Extended-Release) in Adolescents with ADHD.Psychopharmacology bulletin · 2021Trial
- A Phase 3, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Once-Daily Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Pharmacokinetics of Coadministered Viloxazine Extended-Release (SPN-812) and Lisdexamfetamine in Healthy Adults.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Effect of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Single-Dose Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules (QelbreeClinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Viloxazine occupies the 5-HT2C receptor in the Macaca fascicularis brain in vivo: a [11C]CIMBI-36 positron emission tomography study.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
- The Viloxazine Paradox: A Noradrenergic Agent's Journey From Antidepressant Obscurity to ADHD Precision Therapy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Updated Viloxazine Pharmacology: Experiments Establish Norepinephrine Transporter Occupancy and Serotonin 5-HTDrugs in R&D · 2026Article
- ADHD treatments move beyond stimulants.Nature · 2026Article
- Viloxazine Extended-Release: A Review in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- Revisiting the Role of Serotonin in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: New Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Review
- Review
- Prolonged STAT1 signaling in neurons causes hyperactive behavior.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundViloxazine was historically described as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI). Since NRIs have previously demonstrated efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), viloxazine underwent contemporary investigation in the treatment of ADHD. Its clinical and safety profile, however, was found to be distinct from other ADHD medications targeting norepinephrine reuptake. Considering the complexity of neuropsychiatric disorders, understanding the mechanism of action (MoA) is an important differentiating point between viloxazine and other ADHD medications and provides pharmacology-based rationale for physicians prescribing appropriate therapy.
methodsViloxazine was evaluated in a series of in vitro binding and functional assays. Its effect on neurotransmitter levels in the brain was evaluated using microdialysis in freely moving rats.
resultsWe report the effects of viloxazine on serotoninergic (5-HT) system. In vitro, viloxazine demonstrated antagonistic activity at 5-HT
conclusionViloxazine's ability to increase 5-HT levels in the PFC and its agonistic and antagonistic effects on certain 5-HT receptor subtypes, which were previously shown to suppress hyperlocomotion in animals, indicate that 5-HT modulating activity of viloxazine is an important (if not the predominant) component of its MoA, complemented by moderate NET inhibition. Supported by clinical data, these findings suggest the updated psychopharmacological profile of viloxazine can be best explained by its action as a serotonin norepinephrine modulating agent (SNMA).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.