ArticlePediatrics2020
Early Hypoxic Respiratory Failure in Extreme Prematurity: Mortality and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.
Article in Pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with the development of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Proinflammatory state and metabolic dysregulation linking delayed feeding progression to extrauterine restricted head growth in extremely preterm infants.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Association ofBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in preterm infants born before 34 weeks of gestation: a nationwide multicenter study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Retrospective study of preterm infants exposed to inhaled nitric oxide in Kaiser Permanente Southern California: morbidity, mortality and follow-up.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- The cumulative impact of clinical risk on brain networks and associations with executive function impairments in adolescents with congenital heart disease.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Long Term Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Very Preterm Infants.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Early Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Comorbidities and Late Outcomes in Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Inhaled nitric oxide use in newborns.Paediatrics & child health · 2023Review
- L'utilisation du monoxyde d'azote inhalé chez les nouveau-nés.Paediatrics & child health · 2023Review
- The Need to Address Sex as a Biological Variable in Neonatal Clinical Studies.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Use of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants: Is There Sufficient Evidence?Indian journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Gestational Age-Related Associations between Early-Life Feeding Trajectories and Growth Outcomes at Term Equivalent Age in Very Preterm Infants.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Prematurity and Long-Term Respiratory Morbidity-What Is the Critical Gestational Age Threshold?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- When to say no to inhaled nitric oxide in neonates?Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine · 2021Review
- [Recent research on inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the survival and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants at 18 to 26 months with early hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF). We also assessed whether African American infants with early HRF had improved outcomes after exposure to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO).
methodsELBW infants ≤1000 g and gestational age ≤26 weeks with maximal oxygen ≥60% on either day 1 or day 3 were labeled as "early HRF" and born between 2007 and 2015 in the Neonatal Research Network were included. Using a propensity score regression model, we analyzed outcomes and effects of exposure to iNO overall and separately by race.
resultsAmong 7639 ELBW infants born ≤26 weeks, 22.7% had early HRF. Early HRF was associated with a mortality of 51.3%. The incidence of moderate-severe NDI among survivors was 41.2% at 18 to 26 months. Mortality among infants treated with iNO was 59.4%. Female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8-3.3), birth weight ≥720 g (aOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.7-3.1) and complete course of antenatal steroids (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.2) were associated with intact survival. African American infants had a similar incidence of early HRF (21.7% vs 23.3%) but lower exposure to iNO (16.4% vs 21.6%). Among infants with HRF exposed to iNO, intact survival (no death or NDI) was not significantly different between African American and other races (aOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6-3.6).
conclusionsEarly HRF in infants ≤26 weeks' gestation is associated with high mortality and NDI at 18 to 26 months. Use of iNO did not decrease mortality or NDI. Outcomes following iNO exposure were not different in African American infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.