ReviewBMC medicine2020
Radiation recall pneumonitis induced by PD-1/PD-L1 blockades: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
Review in BMC medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Treatment-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Immune-related adverse events associated with nab-paclitaxel/paclitaxel combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Optimizing the Treatment Schedule of Radiotherapy Combined With Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Metastatic Cancers.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus pembrolizumab for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with high risk of recurrence following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a single-arm phase II study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Trial
- Mitophagy-Competent Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Fuel Chemoresistance by Rewiring Pyrimidine Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Assessment of pneumonitis in patients with lung cancer undergoing radioimmunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Application of corticosteroid therapy with esophageal cancer: a case report in the treatment of radiation-induced and immune-related pneumonia.AME case reports · 2026Article
- CT-based radiomics combined with deep learning for predicting radiation pneumonitis in patients with esophageal cancer: a two-center study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Synergistic effects of radiotherapy and immunotherapy: improving oncological outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Feasibility and strategy analysis of radiotherapy consolidation following immunotherapy for stage IV esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Risk factors for pneumonitis after the combination treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors and thoracic radiotherapy.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Potential radiotherapy-related reactivation of immune checkpoint inhibitor hepatitis.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025Article
- Expert consensus on cancer treatment-related lung injury.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Review
- Risk factors and management of lung cancer in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A comprehensive review.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2025Article
- Radiation-induced lung injury: from mechanism to prognosis and drug therapy.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Pneumonitis: A Narrative Review.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical management of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis: Focus, challenges, and future directions.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Advances in the mechanisms, imaging characteristics and management strategies for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Pembrolizumab Induced Recall Dermatitis Occurring 5 Years After Radiotherapy.Reports (MDPI) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe synergistic effect of radiotherapy (RT) in combination with immunotherapy has been shown in several clinical trials and case reports. The overlapping pulmonary toxicity induced by thoracic RT and programmed death 1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockades is an important issue of clinical investigation in combination treatment. Thus far, the underlying mechanism of this toxicity remains largely unknown. MAIN TEXT: In this review, we discuss the unique pattern of radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP) induced by PD-1 blockade. The clinical presentation is different from common radiation pneumonitis (RP) or RRP induced by cytotoxic drugs. The immune checkpoint inhibitors may evoke an inflammatory reaction in patients' previously irradiated fields, with infiltrating lymphocytes and potential involvement of related cytokines. All RRP patients have showed durable response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1. RRP is manageable; however, interruption of checkpoint blockades is necessary and immunosuppressive treatment should be started immediately. Further analyses of the predictive factors, including RT dosimetric parameters, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and PD-L1 expression, are needed given the wide use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and high mortality from lung toxicity with the combination treatment.
conclusionImmune checkpoint inhibitors may evoke an RRP in the patients' previously irradiated fields. Interactions between immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy should be studied further.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.