Observational studyBMC pregnancy and childbirth2020
Nausea, vomiting and poor appetite during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in rural Nepal: an observational cohort study.
Observational study in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01034254 (Field Trial of Maternal Influenza Immunization in Asia), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Field Trial of Maternal Influenza Immunization in Asia
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of morbidity symptoms among pregnant and postpartum women receiving different nutrient supplements in Ghana and Malawi: A secondary outcome analysis of two randomised controlled trials.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Trial
- Demographic, socio-economic, obstetric, and behavioral factors associated with small-and large-for-gestational-age from a prospective, population-based pregnancy cohort in rural Nepal: a secondary data analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Trial
- Self-assessment risk scoring system for early screening of preterm birth in low resource settings.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Relationship between prenatal anxiety, depression, pregnancy stress and their social determinants.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Synergistic associations of antenatal care visits and iron-folic acid supplementation with low birth weight: a pooled analysis of national surveys from six south Asian countries.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Evaluation of nausea and vomiting in the first trimester on the risk of adverse birth outcomes and the contribution of genetic polymorphisms: a pilot prospective study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Article
- Factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy: A retrospective cross-sectional study in the Bolgatanga Municipality, northern Ghana.PloS one · 2023Article
- Observational
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNausea and vomiting are experienced by a majority of pregnant women worldwide. Previous studies have yielded conflicting results regarding their impact on birth outcomes and few studies have examined this relationship in settings with limited resources. We aimed to determine the effect of nausea, vomiting and poor appetite during pregnancy on birth outcomes in rural Nepal.
methodsObservational cohort study using data collected in two randomized, community-based trials to assess the effect of influenza immunization during pregnancy on reproductive and respiratory outcomes among pregnant women and their offspring. Pregnant women in Sarlahi District, Nepal were recruited from 2011 to 2013. Exposure was defined as nausea, vomiting or poor appetite at any point during pregnancy and by trimester; symptoms were recorded monthly throughout pregnancy. Adverse outcomes were low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA). Adjusted relative risks (aRR) with 95% CIs are reported from Poisson regressions with robust variance.
resultsAmong 3,623 pregnant women, the cumulative incidence of nausea, vomiting or poor appetite was 49.5% (n = 1793) throughout pregnancy and 60.6% (n = 731) in the first trimester. Significantly higher aRRs of LBW and SGA were observed among women experiencing symptoms during pregnancy as compared to symptom free women (LBW: aRR 1.20; 95% CI 1.05 1.28; SGA: aRR 1.16; 95% CI 1.05 1.28). Symptoms in the first trimester were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes. In the second trimester, we observed significantly higher aRRs for LBW and SGA (LBW: aRR 1.17; 95% CI 1.01 1.36; SGA: aRR 1.16; 95% CI 1.05 1.29) and a significantly lower aRR for preterm birth (aRR 0.75; 95% CI 0.59 0.96). In the third trimester, we observed significantly higher aRRs for LBW and SGA (LBW: aRR 1.20; 95% CI 1.01 1.43; SGA: aRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.01 1.29).
conclusionsSymptoms of nausea, vomiting or poor appetite during pregnancy are associated with LBW, SGA and preterm birth in a setting with limited resources, especially beyond the first trimester.
trial registrationProspectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on Dec 17, 2009 ( NCT01034254 ).
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