ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Evidence of Pepsin-Related Ocular Surface Damage and Dry Eye (PROD Syndrome) in Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Asymmetric Tear Secretion: Can This Disorder Help in Suspecting Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and in Managing Sjögren's Disease? A Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Dry Eye Syndrome as a Potential Sequel of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Shared Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Maedica · 2025Review
- Impact of Exposomes on Ocular Surface Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- "All that glitters is not gold": sialomegaly, xerostomia, and dry eye is not always Sjögren's syndrome.Reumatologia · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundpatients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) showed detectable levels of tear pepsin that explain the nasolacrimal obstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with LPR show ocular surface changes and to investigate the relationship between lacrimal pepsin concentration and ocular alterations.
methodsFifty patients with positive endoscopic signs for LPR and an equal or higher score of 13 and 7 for Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score were enrolled. Twenty healthy patients with no reflux disease and dry eye were included as the control group. After evaluation of ocular discomfort symptoms, the tear break-up time test, corneal staining, and tear sampling were performed. Tear pepsin levels were measured using Pep-test
resultsPatients with LPR showed ocular surface changes including epithelial damage (48%) and impairment of lacrimal function (72%). Tear pepsin levels were detectable in 32 out of 50 (64%) patients with LPR (mean ± SD: 55.4 ± 67.5 ng/mL) and in none of the control subjects. Most of the LPR patients complained of ocular discomfort symptoms, including itching (38%), redness (56%), or foreign body sensation (40%). Tear pepsin levels were significantly correlated with the severity of LPR disease and with ocular surface changes.
conclusionsA multidisciplinary approach, including ophthalmological evaluation, should be considered in order to improve the management of patients with LPR.
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