ArticleCardiovascular research2021
Cardiac cellularity is dependent upon biological sex and is regulated by gonadal hormones.
Article in Cardiovascular research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myocardial Immune Cells: The Basis of Cardiac Immunology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Pooled it
- Conserved Transcriptional Circuits Regulate Cardiac Fibroblast-Mediated Fibrosis.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Maternal dietary fibre intake results in sex-specific single-cell molecular changes in the heart of the offspring.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
- Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage promotes depressive behaviour in mice via sex hormone degradation.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Transient angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition confers sex-specific protection against angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Application of CIBERSORTx and BayesPrism to deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data from human myocardium and skeletal muscle.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Sex in cardiovascular disease: Why this biological variable should be considered in in vitro models.Science advances · 2024Review
- Mapping the cellular and molecular landscape of cardiac non-myocytes in murine diabetic cardiomyopathy.iScience · 2023Article
- Central role of cardiac fibroblasts in myocardial fibrosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Review
- Sex- and age-related differences in the inflammatory properties of cardiac fibroblasts: impact on the cardiosplenic axis and cardiac fibrosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Chemical and molecular tools to probe biological sex differences at multiple length scales.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2022Review
- Proteogenomics reveals sex-biased aging genes and coordinated splicing in cardiac aging.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2022Article
- Influence of biological sex and exercise on murine cardiac metabolism.Journal of sport and health science · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Inflammatory Changes after Ovariectomy and Estradiol Substitution in Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- A framework for developing sex-specific engineered heart models.Nature reviews. Materials · 2022Review
- Organized Chaos: Deciphering Immune Cell Heterogeneity's Role in Inflammation in the Heart.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- A protocol for rapid and parallel isolation of myocytes and non-myocytes from multiple mouse hearts.STAR protocols · 2021Article
- Matters of the heart: Cellular sex differences.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2021Review
- Passive myocardial mechanical properties: meaning, measurement, models.Biophysical reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsSex differences have been consistently identified in cardiac physiology and incidence of cardiac disease. However, the underlying biological causes for the differences remain unclear. We sought to characterize the cardiac non-myocyte cellular landscape in female and male hearts to determine whether cellular proportion of the heart is sex-dependent and whether endocrine factors modulate the cardiac cell proportions. METHODS AND
resultsUtilizing high-dimensional flow cytometry and immunofluorescence imaging, we found significant sex-specific differences in cellular composition of the heart in adult and juvenile mice, that develops postnatally. Removal of systemic gonadal hormones by gonadectomy results in rapid sex-specific changes in cardiac non-myocyte cellular proportions including alteration in resident mesenchymal cell and leucocyte populations, indicating gonadal hormones and their downstream targets regulate cardiac cellular composition. The ectopic reintroduction of oestrogen and testosterone to female and male mice, respectively, reverses many of these gonadectomy-induced compositional changes.
conclusionThis work shows that the constituent cell types of the mouse heart are hormone-dependent and that the cardiac cellular landscapes are distinct in females and males, remain plastic, and can be rapidly modulated by endocrine factors. These observations have implications for strategies aiming to therapeutically alter cardiac cellular heterogeneity and underscore the importance of considering biological sex for studies examining cardiac physiology and stress responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.