Trial reportPloS one2020
Results of the 3 Pillars Study (3PS), a relationship-based programme targeting parent-child interactions, healthy lifestyle behaviours, and the home environment in parents of preschool-aged children: A pilot randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to Reduce Screen Time in Preschool-Aged Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Interventions Targeting 24-h Movement Behaviours in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of intervention on screen time in preschoolers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 2 to 4 years old.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- [Prolonged television exposure in children and adolescents: health effects and protection strategies].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of eHealth Interventions on 24-Hour Movement Behaviors Among Preschoolers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Identifying effective intervention strategies to reduce children's screen time: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of a Pragmatic eHealth Behavioral Gestational Weight Gain Intervention on Household Chaos in Pregnant People of Lower Socioeconomic Status: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2026Trial
- A Home-Based Intervention to Improve Adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in Young Children: Protocol for a Mobile App-Based Randomized Control Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Navigating Cultural Adaptation: Refugee Parents' Perspectives on the SafeCare Parenting Program.Journal of international migration and integration · 2026Article
- Shared reading is associated with fewer emotional/behavioral problems and better prosocial behavior in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in western China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Screen time and sweet consumption in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2026Article
- Nuances of balance; parental perspectives around screen use and nature exposure in middle childhood.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- From preschool to policy: A scoping review of recommended interventions for a systems approach to improve dietary intake in early childhood.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Article
- Associations between nature exposure, screen use, and parent-child relations: a scoping review.Systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of a Parent-Based eHealth Intervention for Physical Activity, Dietary Behavior, and Sleep Among Preschoolers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of parent-based electronic health (Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2024Review
- Household chaos, child temperament, and structure-related feeding practices in toddlerhood: A moderation analysis.Eating behaviors · 2024Article
- Thinking inside the box: The future of young children's physical activity and the home environment.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEarly childhood is a critical period for the development of obesity, with new approaches to prevent obesity in this age group needed. We designed and piloted the 3 Pillars Study (3PS), a healthy lifestyle programme informed by attachment theory for parents of preschool-aged children.
methodsA 2-arm, randomised controlled pilot study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of 3PS, a 6-week programme involving a half-day workshop plus 6-week access to a study website. The programme was designed to promote routines around healthy lifestyle behaviours, including sleep, limited screen use, and family meals, within the context of positive, reciprocal parent-child interactions. Parents (n = 54) of children aged 2-4 years who regularly exceeded screen use recommendations (≥1 hour per day), were randomised to the 3PS programme (n = 27) or a wait-list control group (n = 27). Child screen time at 6 weeks was the primary endpoint. Frequency of family meals, parent feeding practices, diet quality, sleep, Child Routine Inventory (to assess predictability of commonly occurring routines), and household chaos were also assessed. Study data were collected online at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks via REDCap.
resultsNo group differences were observed for changes from baseline in screen time (primary endpoint), feeding behaviour scores, Child Routine Inventory scores, or total night time sleep duration at 6 and 12 weeks, although all measures improved in the hypothesised direction in the 3PS group. Compared with controls, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements from baseline in household chaos scores (i.e. a reduction in chaos) and a number of measures of sleep outcomes, indicating improved sleep continuity. The programme was highly acceptable to parents. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A relational approach appears promising as a novel way to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours associated with the prevention of childhood obesity in children aged 2-4 years. A larger study is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.