ArticlePloS one2020
Successful induction of diabetes in mice demonstrates no gender difference in development of early diabetic retinopathy.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes Mellitus Affects Urinary Tissue Tropism of Group B Streptococci in a Sex-Dependent Manner.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Armillaria gallica and Armillaria cepistipes extracts and their silver nanoparticles against streptozotocin induced diabetes in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Preterm Birth Increases Susceptibility to Hyperglycemia-Induced Kidney Injury With Sex-Specific Differences in Structural and Molecular Responses.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of dose-response variability and severity in STZ-induced diabetes: female vs. male NSG mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pathological effects of diabetic mice withWorld journal of diabetes · 2026Article
- Piroxicam accelerates diabetic foot ulcer healing via ERα-dependent mitochondrial protection and oxidative stress relief.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- TLR4 deletion reduces small fiber sensory abnormalities and nerve degeneration in diabetic male mice.Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy, a Comprehensive Overview on Pathophysiology and Relevant Experimental Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Pancreatic β-cell FFA2 deficiency suppresses multiple low dose streptozotocin induced diabetes in male mice.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Multiple low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes as a model for studying autoimmune diabetes in humans.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Current status and challenges of multi-omics research using animal models of atherosclerosis.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2025Review
- FOXM1 cooperates with ERα to regulate functional β-cell mass.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- DNMT3b-mediated CpA methylation facilitates REST binding and gene silencing and exacerbates hippocampal demyelination in diabetic mice.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- Intravenous Streptozotocin Induces Variants in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Female Mice.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Review
- miRNA-6236 Regulation of Postischemic Skeletal Muscle Angiogenesis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Exploring dose-response variability and relative severity assessment in STZ-induced diabetes male NSG mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain expression and 3D capillary network changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female mice.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeFemale mice have been found to be resistant to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, and pre-clinical research related to diabetic complications commonly omits females. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to induce diabetes in female mice, and to determine if retinas of diabetic female mice develop molecular changes and histopathological abnormalities comparable to those which develop in male diabetic mice.
methodsTo induce diabetes, animals of both sexes received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ for 5 consecutive days at 55 mg/kg BW (a dose that is known to induce diabetes in male mice) or for females, 75 mg/kg BW of STZ. Retinal abnormalities that have been implicated in the development of the retinopathy (superoxide generation and expression of inflammatory proteins, iNOS and ICAM-1) were evaluated at 2 months of diabetes, and retinal capillary degeneration was evaluated at 8 months of diabetes.
resultsDaily i.p. injection of STZ for 5 consecutive days at a concentration of 55 mg/kg BW was sufficient to induce diabetes in 100% of male mice, but only 33% of female mice. However, females did become hyperglycemic when the dose of STZ administered was increased to 75 mg/kg BW. The resulting STZ-induced hyperglycemia in female and male mice was sustained for at least 8 months. After induction of the diabetes, both sexes responded similarly with respect to the oxidative stress, expression of iNOS, and degeneration of retinal capillaries, but differed in the limited population evaluated with respect to expression of ICAM-1.
conclusionsThe resistance of female mice to STZ-induced diabetes can be overcome by increasing the dose of STZ used. Female mice can, and should, be included in pre-clinical studies of diabetes and its complications.
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