Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32940817›Full record

ArticleJournal of immigrant and minority health2021

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Among Somali Immigrants and Refugees.

Bjorn Westgard, Brian C Martinson, Michael Maciosek, Morgan Brown, Zhiyuan Xu, Farhiya Farah, Osman Ahmed, Ahmed Dalmar, Diana Dubois, Laura Sanka and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of immigrant and minority health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The Cardiometabolic Health of African Immigrants in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Cardiovascular Disease Burden among African Migrants.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Bjorn WestgardHealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, 8170 33rd Avenue S., MS23301A, Minneapolis, MN, 55425, USA. Bjorn.C.Westgard@HealthPartners.Com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-753X
Brian C MartinsonHealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, 8170 33rd Avenue S., MS23301A, Minneapolis, MN, 55425, USA.
Michael MaciosekHealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, 8170 33rd Avenue S., MS23301A, Minneapolis, MN, 55425, USA.
Morgan BrownHealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, 8170 33rd Avenue S., MS23301A, Minneapolis, MN, 55425, USA.
Zhiyuan XuHealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, 8170 33rd Avenue S., MS23301A, Minneapolis, MN, 55425, USA.
Farhiya FarahSaint Mary University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Osman AhmedEast Africa Health Project, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Ahmed DalmarAurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Diana DuboisWellshare International, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Laura SankaWellshare International, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Douglas PryceHennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
HealthPartners · USWellShare International · USAurora Health Care · USHennepin County Medical Center · USSaint Mary's University of Minnesota · US

Funding

Using Systems Science Methods to Study Cardiac Risk in the Somali CommunityR01HL118282 · NHLBI · HEALTHPARTNERS INSTITUTE · PI WESTGARD, BJORN CHRISTOPHER · 2014 to 2018
$3.1M
Hotspotting Cardiometabolic Disparities for Simulated Advances in Population CareR01AG052533 · NIA · HEALTHPARTNERS INSTITUTE · PI WESTGARD, BJORN CHRISTOPHER · 2018 to 2021
$2.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL118282NIA NIH HHS R01 AG052533
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) risks are of concern among immigrants and refugees settling in affluent host countries. The prevalence of CVD and risk factors among Somali African immigrants to the U.S. has not been systematically studied.

methodsIn 2015-2016, we surveyed 1156 adult Somalis in a Midwestern metropolitan area using respondent-driven sampling to obtain anthropometric, interview, and laboratory data about CVD and associated risk factors, demographics, and social factors.

resultsThe prevalence of diabetes and low physical activity among men and women was high. Overweight, obesity, and dyslipidemia were also particularly prevalent. Levels of calculated CVD risk across the community were greater for men than women.

conclusionThough CVD risk is lower among Somalis than the general U.S. population, our results suggest significant prevalence of risk factors among Somali immigrants. Comparison with prior research suggests that CVD risks may be increasing, necessitating thoughtful intervention to prevent adverse population outcomes.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesEmigrants and ImmigrantsRefugeesAdultFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsSomaliaAcculturationCardiovascular diseaseDiabetesImmigrantObesityRefugeeRisk factorsSomali

Identifiers

PMID32940817
PMCPMC7965791
OpenAlexW3087370080

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.