SynthesisEmerging microbes & infections2020
Short- and potential long-term adverse health outcomes of COVID-19: a rapid review.
Synthesis in Emerging microbes & infections, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- New onset of severe and long-term hepatobiliary diseases post-COVID-19 infection: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive functions in COVID-19 survivors, approaches strategies, and impact on health systems: a qualitative systematic review.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- The pandemic is gone but its consequences are here to stay: avascular necrosis following corticosteroids administration for severe COVID-19.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Pooled it
- Femoral head avascular necrosis in COVID-19 survivors: a systematic review.Rheumatology international · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccinations: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis.International journal of public health · 2023Pooled it
- Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long-term effects to adults after clinical COVID-19.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2021Pooled it
- Follow-Ups on Persistent Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Among Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease Management in Mental Healthcare: A Literature Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Post-COVID-19: effects on mental health and metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2026Article
- SGLT2 inhibitors prevent long-COVID-associated cognitive and pain symptoms in type 2 diabetes patients.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Pre-pandemic diabetes and risk of long COVID: longitudinal evidence.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Long COVID Symptom Management Through Self-Care and Nonprescription Treatment Options: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Association Between Periodontitis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Turkish Population.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Article
- Article
- Characteristics of osteonecrosis of the femoral head after COVID-19 steroid treatment compared to steroid-associated osteonecrosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- SARS-COV-2 re-infection and incidence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) among essential workers in New York: a retrospective cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Functional and HIP survivorship outcomes of free Vascularized fibula graft in the management of post COVID-19 Osteonecrosis of femur head: A prospective case series.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Recruitment for Voluntary Video and Mobile HIV Testing on Social Media Platforms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Long COVID: A Comprehensive Overview of the Signs and Symptoms across Multiple Organ Systems.Korean journal of family medicine · 2024Article
- Risk factors for long-term cardiovascular post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection: A nested case-control study in Hong Kong.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2024Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in millions of patients infected worldwide and indirectly affecting even more individuals through disruption of daily living. Long-term adverse outcomes have been reported with similar diseases from other coronaviruses, namely Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 adversely affects different systems in the human body. This review summarizes the current evidence on the short-term adverse health outcomes and assesses the risk of potential long-term adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Major adverse outcomes were found to affect different body systems: immune system (including but not limited to Guillain-Barré syndrome and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome), respiratory system (lung fibrosis and pulmonary thromboembolism), cardiovascular system (cardiomyopathy and coagulopathy), neurological system (sensory dysfunction and stroke), as well as cutaneous and gastrointestinal manifestations, impaired hepatic and renal function. Mental health in patients with COVID-19 was also found to be adversely affected. The burden of caring for COVID-19 survivors is likely to be huge. Therefore, it is important for policy makers to develop comprehensive strategies in providing resources and capacity in the healthcare system. Future epidemiological studies are needed to further investigate the long-term impact on COVID-19 survivors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.