Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32940525›Full record

ArticlePsychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy2021

Risk and protective factors for symptoms of depression and anxiety among American Indians: Understanding the roles of resilience and trauma.

Catherine E McKinley, Shamra Boel-Studt, Lynette M Renner, Charles R Figley

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The Role of Social Networks on Depression and Anxiety Among a Sample of Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Emerging Adults.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024
    Trial
  3. Promoting First RelationshipsPrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2023
    Trial
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  10. Cultural Approaches to Promote Indigenous Mental Health: Weaving Healthy Families.Journal of ethnic & cultural diversity in social work · 2025
    Article
  11. A structural equation model test of affect, family warmth, and substance use among American Indian reservation-based adolescents.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Catherine E McKinleySchool of Social Work.ORCID 0000-0002-1770-5088
Shamra Boel-StudtCollege of Social Work.
Lynette M RennerCollege of Social Work.
Charles R FigleyCollege of Social Work.
Japan College of Social Work · JP

Funding

Tracking & Evaluation CoreU54GM104940 · NIGMS · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI Peter Todd Katzmarzyk · 2012 to 2026
$69.1M
Tulane Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH)K12HD043451 · NICHD · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI KROUSEL-WOOD, MARIE · 2002 to 2023
$9.9M
Chukka Auchaffi’ Natana: The Weaving Healthy Families Program to Promote Wellness and Resilience and Prevent Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and ViolenceR01AA028201 · NIAAA · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI MCKINLEY, CATHERINE · 2020 to 2024
$3.0M
Fahs-Beck Fund for Research and ExperimentationNational Institutes of Health; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of Health; National Institute of General Medical SciencesNIAAA NIH HHS L60 AA028759NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA028201NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD043451NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940Silberman FundTulane UniversityTulane University; Center for Public ServiceTulane University; Newcomb College InstituteTulane University; New Orleans Center for the Gulf South
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveDepression and anxiety are comorbid conditions that are disproportionately high among American Indians (AIs) or Alaska Natives. The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk (e.g., low income, intimate partner violence [IPV], adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) and protective factors (e.g., family resilience, social and community support) related to symptoms of depression and anxiety among AI adults.

methodAs part of larger exploratory sequential mixed-methods research, the study focused on survey data with 127 AI adults from two Southeastern tribes (

resultsMany participants experienced elevated levels of clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety (15% and 20%, respectively). Results indicated lower income was associated with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. IPV and ACE variables were positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Family resilience was negatively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Social and community support were associated with symptoms of anxiety.

conclusionsThe findings provide strong preliminary support for the role of family protective and promotive factors in offsetting symptoms of anxiety and depression. This is contrary to most models of interventions for anxiety and depression focusing on individual psychotherapy rather than promoting family resilience or involvement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Resilience, PsychologicalAdultAdverse Childhood ExperiencesAgedAged, 80 and overAnxietyDepressionFemaleHumansIndians, North AmericanIntimate Partner ViolenceMaleMiddle AgedPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesRisk FactorsSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID32940525
PMCPMC7814695
OpenAlexW3087507440

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.