Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32940489›Full record

ArticleJournal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)2021

Single mothers by choice: Parenting and child adjustment in middle childhood.

Susan Golombok, Sophie Zadeh, Tabitha Freeman, Joanna Lysons, Sarah Foley

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Elective Egg Freezing for Non-Medical Reasons (Scientific Impact Paper No. 63, 2026 Second Edition).BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026
    Article
  3. Wartime Experiences of Single Parents by Choice.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Solo Fathers and Mothers: An Exploration of Well-Being, Social Support and Social Approval.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Susan GolombokCentre for Family Research.ORCID 0000-0003-1623-2693
Sophie ZadehThomas Coram Research Unit.ORCID 0000-0001-7215-1607
Tabitha FreemanCentre for Family Research.
Joanna LysonsCentre for Family Research.
Sarah FoleyCentre for Family Research.
University of Cambridge · GB

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 208013/Z/17/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Findings are presented of the second phase of a longitudinal study of families created by single mothers by choice. Forty-four single heterosexual mothers were compared with 37 partnered heterosexual mothers, all with a donor-conceived child aged around 8-10 years. Standardized interview, observational, and questionnaire measures of maternal wellbeing, mother-child relationships and child adjustment were administered to mothers, children, and teachers. There were no differences in maternal mental health, the quality of mother-child relationships or children's emotional and behavioral problems between family types. However, higher levels of parenting stress and higher levels of children's prior adjustment difficulties were each associated with children's adjustment difficulties in middle childhood irrespective of family type. The findings suggest that the presence of two parents-or of a male parent-is not essential for children to flourish, and add to the growing body of evidence that family structure is less influential in children's adjustment than the quality of family relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Emotional AdjustmentMother-Child RelationsAdultChildChild BehaviorFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleParentingProblem BehaviorSingle-Parent Family

Identifiers

PMID32940489
PMCPMC8054653
OpenAlexW3087336182

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.