Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32940115›Full record

ArticleJDR clinical and translational research2021

Associations between Household Water Fluoridation Status and Plain Tap or Bottled Water Consumption.

M Lin, S O Griffin, S Park, C Li, V Robison, L Espinoza

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JDR clinical and translational research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 41% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

M LinDivision of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
S O GriffinDivision of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
S ParkDivision of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
C LiNorthrop Grumman Corporation, Atlanta, GA, USA.
V RobisonDivision of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
L EspinozaDivision of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USNorthrop Grumman (United States) · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe benefits of community water fluoridation for preventing dental caries are attenuated if people do not consume tap water.

objectivesWe examined associations between household water fluoride content and consuming plain tap or bottled water among US youth.

methodsWe used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for 2013 to 2016 for 5,193 youth aged 2 to 19 y. Fluoride content in youth's household tap water samples was measured electrometrically with ion-specific electrodes and designated low (<0.6 mg/L) or about optimal (0.6 to 1.2 mg/L). Plain tap and bottled water consumption was obtained from one 24-h dietary recall. We used binomial regression models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and 95% CIs for consuming plain tap water (including tap only or both tap and bottled) and consuming only bottled water as related to household water fluoride content (low or about optimal) and sociodemographic characteristics.

resultsOn a given day, 52.6% of youth consumed plain tap water (43.8% exclusively and 8.8% both tap and bottled) and 28%, only bottled water. Neither tap water (APR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.10) nor only bottled water (APR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.22) consumption was associated with household water fluoride content. Non-Hispanic Black youth and Hispanic youth were about 30% relatively less likely to consume tap water and 60% to 80% relatively more likely to consume only bottled water than non-Hispanic Whites. Low income, low parental education, and no past-year dental visit were associated with not consuming tap water.

conclusionHalf of youth consumed plain tap water on a given day. Consuming plain tap water was not associated with community water fluoridation status. This study is the first to find that up to 50% of the population served by fluoridated water may not receive its full caries-preventive benefits due to not consuming plain tap water. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: Half of US youth consumed plain tap water on a given day. Consuming plain tap water was not associated with community water fluoridation status. This finding suggests that up to 50% of the population served by fluoridated water systems may not receive its full caries-preventive benefits due to not consuming plain tap water. Our findings add support for the need to identify and address barriers to tap water consumption and promote health benefits of fluoridation.

Indexed as

Dental CariesDrinking WaterAdolescentDrinkingFluoridationHealth PromotionHumansNutrition SurveysDrinking Waterdental cariesdrinking waterhealth status disparitiesoral healthprimary preventionpublic health dentistry

Identifiers

PMID32940115
PMCPMC8938999
OpenAlexW3087615008

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.