ArticleBehavior research methods2021
Landmarks: A solution for spatial navigation and memory experiments in virtual reality.
Article in Behavior research methods, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measuring the dynamics of attentional capture in hand and eye movements with virtual reality.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- The Unity Playback System: A tool for visualizing behavioral data in 3D Unity virtual environments.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Modeling the journey as well as the destination: a control theory account of rotational navigation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mental Representations of Impossible Non-Euclidean Environments.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Graph properties drive navigational selection between equidistant routes.Neuropsychologia · 2026Article
- Distinct aging-related profiles of allocentric knowledge recall following navigation in an immersive, naturalistic, city-like environment.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Angular path integration errors are greater for trajectories with full loop crossovers.Spatial cognition and computation · 2026Article
- Age differences in spatial navigation stem from a preference for familiar routes rather than impaired landmark-dependent strategies.Psychology and aging · 2025Article
- Digital Ergonomics of NavegApp, a Novel Serious Game for Spatial Cognition Assessment: Content Validity and Usability Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Neuroadaptive mobile geographic information displays: an emerging cartographic research frontier.International journal of cartography · 2025Article
- DomeVR: Immersive virtual reality for primates and rodents.PloS one · 2025Article
- Differences and similarities between human hippocampal low-frequency oscillations during navigation and mental simulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Age differences in spatial memory are mitigated during naturalistic navigation.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2024Article
- A virtual reality paradigm with dynamic scene stimuli for use in memory research.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Towards neuroadaptive navigation assistance to reduce spatial de-skilling.Cognitive processing · 2024Article
- Experiments as Code and its application to VR studies in human-building interaction.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An In-depth Exploration of the Interplay between fMRI Methods and Theory in Cognitive Neuroscience.Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Frontal-midline theta and posterior alpha oscillations index early processing of spatial representations during active navigation.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2023Article
- Combining egoformative and alloformative cues in a novel tabletop navigation task.Psychological research · 2023Article
- vexptoolbox: A software toolbox for human behavior studies using the Vizard virtual reality platform.Behavior research methods · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Research into the behavioral and neural correlates of spatial cognition and navigation has benefited greatly from recent advances in virtual reality (VR) technology. Devices such as head-mounted displays (HMDs) and omnidirectional treadmills provide research participants with access to a more complete range of body-based cues, which facilitate the naturalistic study of learning and memory in three-dimensional (3D) spaces. One limitation to using these technologies for research applications is that they almost ubiquitously require integration with video game development platforms, also known as game engines. While powerful, game engines do not provide an intrinsic framework for experimental design and require at least a working proficiency with the software and any associated programming languages or integrated development environments (IDEs). Here, we present a new asset package, called Landmarks, for designing and building 3D navigation experiments in the Unity game engine. Landmarks combines the ease of building drag-and-drop experiments using no code, with the flexibility of allowing users to modify existing aspects, create new content, and even contribute their work to the open-source repository via GitHub, if they so choose. Landmarks is actively maintained and is supplemented by a wiki with resources for users including links, tutorials, videos, and more. We compare several alternatives to Landmarks for building navigation experiments and 3D experiments more generally, provide an overview of the package and its structure in the context of the Unity game engine, and discuss benefits relating to the ongoing and future development of Landmarks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.