SynthesisEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2021
3D-printed navigation template in cervical spine fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D-printed drill guide versus fluoroscopic-guided free-hand technique for pedicle screw insertion in the upper cervical spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Musculoskeletal surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical applications of 3D printing in spine surgery: a systematic review.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Three-Dimensional Printing in Pediatric Orthopaedics: Cost Analysis and Emerging Applications.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Review
- Case Report: Patient-specific 3D-printed preoperative simulation for tailored resection and reconstruction in complex vertebral tumors: a case of giant recurrent chondrosarcoma at the cervicothoracic junction.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Cervical pedicle screw placement with patient-specific 3D-printed guides: accuracy and safety in a clinical experience.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Observational
- Revealing the potential: radiological assessment of pedicle screw placement in the craniocervical junction and upper cervical spine.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- 3D-printed guide template for cervical stabilization surgery: A case report.Brain & spine · 2025Article
- Case Report: Cervical carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK pedicle screw fixation with 3D custom-made template guides for spinal oncology surgery.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Early clinical efficacy of 3D-printed artificial vertebral body in spinal reconstruction after total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal tumors.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Precise execution of personalized surgical planning using three-dimensional printed guide template in severe and complex adult spinal deformity patients requiring three-column osteotomy: a retrospective, comparative matched-cohort study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Design, fabrication, and evaluation of single- and multi-level 3D-printed non-covering cervical spinal fusion surgery templates.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Application of 3D Printing Navigation Template Technology in Severe Hallux Valgus Surgery.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2023Article
- Individualized 3D-printed navigation template-assisted tension band wiring for olecranon fractures.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
- 3D printing in spine care: A review of current applications.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2022Article
- Clinical applications and prospects of 3D printing guide templates in orthopaedics.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2022Review
- 3D-Printed Patient-Customized Artificial Vertebral Body for Spinal Reconstruction after TotalInternational journal of bioprinting · 2022Article
- Design, Fabrication, and Accuracy of a Novel Noncovering Lock-Mechanism Bilateral Patient-Specific Drill Guide Template for Nondeformed and Deformed Thoracic Spines.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2021Article
- Individual Navigation Templates for Subcortical Screw Placement in Lumbar Spine.Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo explore the effectiveness and advantage of three-dimensional (3D)-printed navigation templates (3DPN-template) assisted in cervical spine fusion (CSF) surgery as compared to conventional surgery.
methodsAn electronic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane was conducted for studies of 3DPN-templates in CSF up to May 2020. Outcome measures as the accuracy rate, operation time, intra-operative blood loss, and fluoroscopy used, associated with CSF were extracted. Mean difference based on changes was quantified using Hedges' g.
resultsFrom 4414 potentially relevant studies, 61 full-text publications were screened. Thirteen studies comprising 330 cases with 1323 screw placements were eligible for inclusion. For template group, pooled estimates were as follows: 97.3% accuracy rate for screw placement, 144.7 min for operating time, 273.6 ml for blood loss, and 3.2 min for fluoroscopic times. A significantly positive difference was observed between the template group compared to control group in terms of accuracy rate of screw placement (Z = 5.3), operation time (Z = 2.41), intra-operative blood loss (Z = 2.64), and fluoroscopic times (Z = 3.64) (all, P value < 0.0001). Risk of bias for studies under review was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and 11 studies were found as having high quality. Overall, funnel plot and Begg's test did not indicate obvious publication bias.
conclusionThe 3D-printed navigation template in the cervical surgery can improve accuracy of pedicle screw placement and consequently improve outcomes. In future, multi-center efforts are needed to validate the relationships found in this review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.