ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2020
Salivary extracellular vesicles inhibit Zika virus but not SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Orchestrators of Emerging and Reemerging Virus Infections.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Development and Therapeutic Use of Antivirals in Flavivirus Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in arbovirus infections: from basic biology to potential clinical applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Congenital Zika Syndrome: Insights from Integrated Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Inter-laboratory multiplex bead-based surface protein profiling of MSC-derived EV preparations identifies MSC-EV surface marker signatures.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Proteomic snapshot of saliva samples predicts new pathways implicated in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.Clinical proteomics · 2024Article
- New frontiers in salivary extracellular vesicles: transforming diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics in oral and systemic diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles block viral entryways.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles in body fluids are an innate defence against apoptotic mimicry viral pathogens.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The role of small extracellular vesicles in spreading and inhibiting arthropod-borne diseases.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Review
- Salivary Extracellular Vesicles: Biomarkers and Beyond in Human Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- The Oral Cavity Potentially Serving as a Reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 but Not Necessarily Facilitating the Spread of COVID-19 in Dental Practice.European journal of dentistry · 2023Article
- Extracellular vesicles from Zika virus-infected cells display viral E protein that binds ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies to prevent infection enhancement.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Plasma-derived exosomal miRNA as potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of vector-borne diseases: A review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- The importance of activated TMPRSS2 in the proviral role of small extracellular vesicles in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- Serum-derived extracellular vesicles: Novel biomarkers reflecting the disease severity of COVID-19 patients.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- Milk exosomes elicit a potent anti-viral activity against dengue virus.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is mainly transmitted via mosquitos, but human-to-human transmissions also occur. The virus is shed into various body fluids including saliva, which represents a possible source of viral transmission. Thus, we here explored whether human saliva affects ZIKV infectivity. We found that physiological concentrations of pooled saliva dose-dependently inhibit ZIKV infection of monkey and human cells by preventing viral attachment to target cells. The anti-ZIKV activity in saliva could not be abrogated by boiling, suggesting the antiviral factor is not a protein. Instead, we found that purified extracellular vesicles (EVs) from saliva inhibit ZIKV infection. Salivary EVs (saEVs) express typical EV markers such as tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81 and prevent ZIKV attachment to and infection of target cells at concentrations that are naturally present in saliva. The anti-ZIKV activity of saliva is conserved but the magnitude of inhibition varies between individual donors. In contrast to ZIKV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), predominantly spreading via respiratory droplets, is not affected by saliva or saEVs. Our findings provide a plausible explanation for why ZIKV transmission via saliva, i.e. by deep kissing have not been recorded and establish a novel oral innate immune defence mechanism against some viral pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.