ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2020
Targeting co-stimulatory molecules in autoimmune disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 141 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor to standard of care chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Research progress on the application of single-cell sequencing in autoimmune diseases.Genes and immunity · 2023Pooled it
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- microRNAs as Regulators of the Immune Response and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Cancer.Non-coding RNA · 2026Review
- A conserved basic motif mediates membrane anchoring and TRAF2 recruitment across costimulatory TNFRs.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Repurposed ethoxzolamide reprograms antitumor immunity through β-TrCP-dependent PD-L1 ubiquitination.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Adipocyte OX40L promotes adipose T cell activation and insulin resistance in obesity.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Transient prophylactic immunosuppression with abatacept or dasatinib prevents immune responses in AAV gene transfer.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Ready-to-load MHC-I nanoparticles for high-throughput T cell screening studies.Science advances · 2026Article
- Effect of a gut commensal Lactobacillus strain Limosilactobacillus caviae JL20 on leptospiral whole-cell inactivated vaccine in hamsters.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- TSLP promotes GATA3-expressing effector regulatory T cells via DC2 derived from transitional DCs.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Selective Immune Silencing by Targeted TGF-β Agonists.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of T cell activation: Integrating signaling pathways, experimental models, and therapeutic implications.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- M5542, a bifunctional fusion protein targeting CD80, CD86, and OX40L that modulates excessive T-cell activity: a preclinical proof-of-concept study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- HIST1H2BJ is associated with poor prognosis and an immune-altered tumor microenvironment in glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical applications and challenges of CD40/CD40L signaling regulation in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Antibody therapies in glioblastoma: Overcoming micro-environmental barriers.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- TME remodeling and clinical challenges of immune checkpoint blockade in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Importance of B cells (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Integrin β3 deficiency unleashes spontaneous pulmonary inflammation by promoting B cell hyperactivation via the CD40-CD40L axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints has garnered significant attention in the area of cancer immunotherapy, in which efforts have focused in particular on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and PD1, both of which are members of the CD28 family. In autoimmunity, these same pathways can be targeted to opposite effect: to curb the over-exuberant immune response. The CTLA4 checkpoint serves as an exemplar, whereby CTLA4 activity is blocked by antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and augmented by the provision of soluble CTLA4 in autoimmunity. Here, we review the targeting of co-stimulatory molecules in autoimmune diseases, focusing in particular on agents directed at members of the CD28 or tumour necrosis factor receptor families. We present the state of the art in co-stimulatory blockade approaches, including rational combinations of immune inhibitory agents, and discuss the future opportunities and challenges in this field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.