ArticleBMC public health2020
Households experiencing catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in Uganda: magnitude and cost drivers.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis on patients and households: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Catastrophic health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the catastrophic costs incurred by tuberculosis patients.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- One dollar incentive improves tuberculosis treatment outcomes in programmatic settings in rural Uganda.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Societal Economic Burden of Antibiotic Resistance in Uganda: A Cost of Illness Study.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Article
- Impact of risk adjustment for drug-resistant types on tuberculosis patients' outcomes under China's innovative payment methods: a quasi-experimental study design.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Inequalities in financial burden of tuberculosis among affected families across 19 low- and middle-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic consequences of tuberculosis for households in Nigeria: a longitudinal patient cost survey within an intervention engaging informal health providers.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Spatio-temporal trends, distribution and prediction of tuberculosis incidence in Uganda (2020-2025).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Economic Burden of Tuberculosis in Iran: A Nationwide Analysis by Drug Resistance and Cost Components.Journal of research in health sciences · 2025Article
- Households of tuberculosis (TB) patients face high TB-related costs in Somalia.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of diagnosis-related group payment on medical expenditure and treatment efficiency on people with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a quasi-experimental study design.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- The catastrophic cost of TB care: Understanding costs incurred by individuals undergoing TB care in low-, middle-, and high-income settings - A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Level of Family Support and Associated Factors Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Uganda. A Baseline Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Incidence and determinants of households' catastrophic payments for TB care: evidence from a multi-country trial (EXIT-TB project) implemented in East Africa.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Public social protection policies for people affected by tuberculosis: a documentary analysis.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2025Article
- Determinant of catastrophic costs associated with treatment for rifampicin-resistant TB in households in the Republic of Moldova.IJTLD open · 2024Article
- Stigma and Associated Sex Disparities Among Patients with Tuberculosis in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.Research square · 2024Article
- Treatment preferences among people at risk of developing tuberculosis: A discrete choice experiment.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) patients in Uganda incur large costs related to the illness, and while seeking and receiving health care. Such costs create access and adherence barriers which affect health outcomes and increase transmission of disease. The study ascertained the proportion of Ugandan TB affected households incurring catastrophic costs and the main cost drivers.
methodsA cross-sectional survey with retrospective data collection and projections was conducted in 2017. A total of 1178 drug resistant (DR) TB (44) and drug sensitive (DS) TB patients (1134), 2 weeks into intensive or continuation phase of treatment were consecutively enrolled across 67 randomly selected TB treatment facilities.
resultsOf the 1178 respondents, 62.7% were male, 44.7% were aged 15-34 years and 55.5% were HIV positive. For each TB episode, patients on average incurred costs of USD 396 for a DS-TB episode and USD 3722 for a Multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) episode. Up to 48.5% of households borrowed, used savings or sold assets to defray these costs. More than half (53.1%) of TB affected households experienced TB-related costs above 20% of their annual household expenditure, with the main cost drivers being non-medical expenditure such as travel, nutritional supplements and food.
conclusionDespite free health care in public health facilities, over half of Ugandan TB affected households experience catastrophic costs. Roll out of social protection interventions like TB assistance programs, insurance schemes, and enforcement of legislation related to social protection through multi-sectoral action plans with central NTP involvement would palliate these costs.
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