ArticleBMC microbiology2020
Rapid identification of capsulated Acinetobacter baumannii using a density-dependent gradient test.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Synergetic attenuated inflammatory response and increased apoptosis confer high pathogenicity ofVirulence · 2026Article
- A phase-variable capsule facilitatesmBio · 2026Article
- Capsular polysaccharides of Acinetobacter baumannii modulate antimicrobial resistance and innate immune response.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Benefits and costs of a hypercapsule and the mechanism of its loss in a clinical isolate ofmBio · 2026Article
- Quorum sensing geneFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Acinetobacter phages use distinct strategies to breach the capsule barrier.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Acinetobacter baumannii Control: A Review of Plant-Based Approaches.Cureus · 2025Review
- Bacteriophage Indie resensitizes multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics in vitro.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-ResistantDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Detection of virulence factors in opportunistic bacteria: advances, challenges, and practical implementation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The challenges of difficult-to-treatClinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Antibacterial activity evaluation of a novel K3-specific phage against Acinetobacter baumannii and evidence for receptor-binding domain transfer across morphologies.Virologica Sinica · 2024Article
- H-NS is a bacterial transposon capture protein.Nature communications · 2024Article
- First Characterization ofViruses · 2024Article
- A comprehensive comparison of biofilm formation and capsule production for bacterial survival on hospital surfaces.Biofilm · 2023Article
- DksA is a conserved master regulator of stress response in Acinetobacter baumannii.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Phenotypic Characterization and Heterogeneity among Modern Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Genomic and phenotypic analyses of diverse non-clinicalMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Clinical Isolates ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Increased Capsule Thickness and Hypermotility Are Traits of Carbapenem-ResistantOpen forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGram-negative bacterial capsules are associated with production of carbohydrates, frequently resulting in a mucoid phenotype. Infections caused by capsulated or mucoid A. baumannii are associated with increased clinical severity. Therefore, it is clinically and epidemiologically important to identify capsulated A. baumannii. Here, we describe a density-dependent gradient test to distinguish between capsulated and thin/non-capsulated A. baumannii.
resultsThirty-one of 57 A. baumannii isolates displayed a mucoid phenotype. The density-dependent gradient test was comprised of two phases, with silica concentrations of 30% (top phase) and 50% (bottom phase). Twenty-three isolates migrated to the bottom phase, indicating thin or non-capsulated strains, and 34 migrated to the top phase, suggesting strains suspected to be capsulated. There was agreement between the mucoid and the non-mucoid phenotypes and the density-dependent gradient test for all but three isolates. Total carbohydrates extracted from strains suspected to be capsulated were significantly higher. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of a capsule in the six representative strains suspected to be capsulated.
conclusionsThe density-dependent gradient test can be used to verify capsule presence in mucoid-appearing A. baumannii strains. Identifying capsulated strains can be useful for directing infection control measures to reduce the spread of hypervirulent strains.
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