ReviewArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2020
Skeletal Muscle Pathology in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Brief Review.
Review in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of tensiomyography in older adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Microvascular Function and Ambulatory Capacity in Peripheral Artery Disease.Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions · 2025Trial
- Nicotinamide riboside for peripheral artery disease: the NICE randomized clinical trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- The Role of Home-Based Exercise in the Management of Peripheral Artery Disease.Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Contralateral-controlled thigh muscle biomarkers on CT angiography for prediction of 1-year restenosis after endovascular therapy for unilateral peripheral artery disease.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- A cardiovascular-motor axis framework for perfusion-mediated motor impairment.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Differences in Patients with Sarcopenia and Peripheral Artery Disease.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Cilostazol use and calf muscle pathophysiology in people with peripheral artery disease.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species in Cardiovascular and Hematological Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.Cureus · 2026Review
- Myovascular Niche: The Role of Endothelial Cells in Skeletal Muscle Health and Disease.Circulation research · 2026Review
- Construction and validation of a machine learning model to predict the sarcopenic obesity population.Medicine · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-mediated strategies for skeletal muscle repair and regeneration: targeted intervention, functional remodeling, and translational challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Intramuscular Adipose Tissue Accumulation is a Key Determinant of Limb Function in Peripheral Artery Disease.Circulation · 2026Article
- Assessment of the severity of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease based on gastrocnemius surface electromyography and mechanomyography signals.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- CT-derived body composition as a predictor of supervised exercise therapy response in intermittent claudication and peripheral arterial disease: COMPOSE-PAD study protocol.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Article
- Lactate metabolism and lactylation: Therapeutic and pre-clinical implications in neovascularization in peripheral artery disease.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Intramuscular Adipose Tissue Accumulation is a Key Determinant of Limb Function in Peripheral Artery Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This brief review summarizes current evidence regarding lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) and lower extremity skeletal muscle pathology. Lower extremity ischemia is associated with reduced calf skeletal muscle area and increased calf muscle fat infiltration and fibrosis on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Even within the same individual, the leg with more severe ischemia has more adverse calf muscle characteristics than the leg with less severe ischemia. More adverse computed tomography-measured calf muscle characteristics, such as reduced calf muscle density, are associated with higher rates of mobility loss in people with PAD. Calf muscle in people with PAD may also have reduced mitochondrial activity compared with those without PAD, although evidence is inconsistent. Muscle biopsy document increased oxidative stress in PAD. Reduced calf muscle perfusion, impaired mitochondrial activity, and smaller myofibers are associated with greater walking impairment in PAD. Preliminary evidence suggests that calf muscle pathology in PAD may be reversible. In a small uncontrolled trial, revascularization improved both the ankle-brachial index and mitochondrial activity, measured by calf muscle phosphocreatine recovery time. A pilot clinical trial showed that cocoa flavanols increased measures of myofiber health, mitochondrial activity, and capillary density while simultaneously improving 6-minute walk distance in PAD. Calf muscle pathological changes are associated with impaired walking performance in people with PAD, and interventions that both increase calf perfusion and improve calf muscle health are promising therapies to improve walking performance in PAD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.