ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020
Exploring changes in the human gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites in response to diets enriched in simple, refined, or unrefined carbohydrate-containing foods: a post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01610661 (Dietary Carbohydrate Type and CVD Risk Indicators), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dietary Carbohydrate Type and CVD Risk Indicators
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiota-Focused Dietary Approaches to Support Health: A Systematic Review.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Decreased carbohydrate sources reduce microbial diversity and taxonomic redundancy in the murine gut.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Phytoene, a Precursor of Lycopene in Tomatoes, Protects Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- The Gut-brain-adipose Axis in Ultra-processed Food and Obesity: A Mechanistic Synthesis and Its Implications for Food Classification.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- A Review on the Molecular Dynamics of EnterotypeInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Reduced carbohydrate complexity alters gut microbial structure independent of total carbohydrate intake.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Metatranscriptomics for Understanding the Microbiome in Food and Nutrition Science.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Association between dietary index for gut microbiota and hypertension: a large cross-sectional study from NHANES.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- The role of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence and intervention of obesity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Dietary Patterns, Gut Microbiota and Sports Performance in Athletes: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Development and Evaluation of a Literature-Based Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota: an ideal biomarker and intervention strategy for aging.Microbiome research reports · 2024Review
- Obesity-associated inflammation countered by a Mediterranean diet: the role of gut-derived metabolites.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Review
- Characteristics of fecal microbiota in different constipation subtypes and association with colon physiology, lifestyle factors, and psychological status.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Habitual Diet Pattern Associations with Gut Microbiome Diversity and Composition: Results from a Chinese Adult Cohort.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Plasma Metabolite Response to Simple, Refined and Unrefined Carbohydrate-Enriched Diets in Older Adults-Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Article
- The Therapeutic Effect of SCFA-Mediated Regulation of the Intestinal Environment on Obesity.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDietary carbohydrate type may influence cardiometabolic risk through alterations in the gut microbiome and microbial-derived metabolites, but evidence is limited.
objectivesWe explored the relative effects of an isocaloric exchange of dietary simple, refined, and unrefined carbohydrate on gut microbiota composition/function, and selected microbial metabolite concentrations.
methodsParticipants [n = 11; age: 65 ± 8 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 29.8 ± 3.2] were provided with each of 3 diets for 4.5 wk with 2-wk washout, according to a randomized, crossover design. Diets [60% of energy (%E) carbohydrate, 15%E protein, and 25%E fat] differed in type of carbohydrate. Fecal microbial composition, metatranscriptomics, and microbial-derived SCFA and secondary bile acid (SBA) concentrations were assessed at the end of each phase and associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs).
resultsRoseburia abundance was higher (11% compared with 5%) and fecal SBA concentrations were lower (lithocolic acid -50% and deoxycholic acid -64%) after consumption of the unrefined carbohydrate diet relative to the simple carbohydrate diet [false discovery rate (FDR): all P < 0.05), whereas Anaerostipes abundance was higher (0.35% compared with 0.12%; FDR: P = 0.04) after the simple carbohydrate diet relative to the refined carbohydrate diet. Metatranscriptomics indicated upregulation of 2 cellular stress genes (FDR: P < 0.1) after the unrefined carbohydrate diet compared with the simple carbohydrate or refined carbohydrate diets. The microbial expression of 3 cellular/oxidative stress and immune response genes was higher (FDR: P < 0.1) after the simple carbohydrate diet relative to the refined carbohydrate diet. No significant diet effect was observed in fecal SCFA concentrations. Independent of diet, we observed 16 associations (all FDR: P < 0.1) of taxon abundance (15 phylum and 1 genera) with serum inflammatory markers and also with fecal SCFA and SBA concentrations.
conclusionsConsuming an unrefined carbohydrate-rich diet had a modest effect on the gut microbiome and SBAs, resulting in favorable associations with selected CMRFs. Simple carbohydrate- and refined carbohydrate-rich diets have distinctive effects on the gut microbiome, suggesting differential mechanisms mediate their effects on cardiometabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01610661.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.