ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020
Association of diet with circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Egg Consumption on Gastrointestinal Health: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- From Dysbiosis to Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: The Metabolite-Mediated Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Association between fish-related metabolites and metabolic syndrome risk factors in Japan: INTERLIPID metabolome -wide association study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Observational
- Associations of trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, its subtypes and blood pressure in the offspring: findings from the Shanghai Birth Cohort.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and metabolites in lipid metabolism and intramuscular fat deposition: mechanisms and implications for meat quality.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- TMAO and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Its Potential as a Biomarker.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factor profiles in young patients with coronary artery disease.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
- 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretions, plasma metabolomic profiles, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in the United States adults: a cross-sectional study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- A plant-based diet index to study the relation between diet and disease risk among adults: a narrative review.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Review
- Article
- Trimethylamine oxide supplementation differentially regulates fat deposition in liver, longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissue of growing-finishing pigs.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Article
- Dietary choline intake and health outcomes in U.S. adults: exploring the impact on cardiovascular disease, cancer prevalence, and all-cause mortality.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules using plasma trimethylamine N-oxide, carnitine, choline and betaine.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Plant-based diets and the gut microbiome: findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Potential Biomarker for Cardiovascular Disease: Its Association with Dietary Sources of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Microbiota.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Scoping review of the association of plant-based diet quality with health outcomes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Dietary Meat, Trimethylamine N-Oxide-Related Metabolites, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2022Article
- Gut Microbiota Modulation as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Cardiometabolic Diseases.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a compound that is present in seafood and produced through human gut microbial metabolism of its precursors. Previous studies have suggested that elevated TMAO concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the association between diet and TMAO concentrations in free-living adult populations has not been adequately described.
objectivesThe objective of this study was to identify dietary predictors of plasma TMAO concentrations.
methodsTMAO concentrations were assessed in 2 fasting plasma samples collected 6 mo apart among 620 healthy men. Short-term and long-term dietary intakes were assessed during the same time-frame of blood collections via repeated 7-d dietary records (7DDRs) and a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (SFFQ), respectively. We grouped individual food items into 21 groups and regressed against averaged TMAO concentrations. We also assessed the association between dietary scores and TMAO concentrations.
resultsIn models adjusted for demographic characteristics and mutually adjusted for food groups, SFFQ-assessments of fish and egg intakes were significantly associated with increased TMAO concentration (β = 0.082; 95% CI: 0.021, 0.14; P = 0.009 for fish; β = 0.065; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.13; P = 0.039 for egg). The positive association between fish consumption and TMAO concentration was replicated in the 7DDR-assessments (β = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.060, 0.18; P < 0.001). There was no association between red meat intake and TMAO concentrations. The unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) was inversely associated (β = -0.013; 95% CI: -0.021, -0.005; P = 0.001) and healthy dietary scores were positively correlated with TMAO concentration.
conclusionsTMAO concentration was significantly associated with fish intake, but not with red meat consumption. uPDI, an unhealthy dietary pattern, was inversely related to TMAO concentration. As such, this study suggests that in free-living populations, higher circulating concentrations of TMAO cannot simply be interpreted as a marker of unhealthy food intake or an unhealthy dietary pattern.
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