Trajectories of Overprotective Parenting and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity and Inattention Among Moderate-Late Preterm Children: A Population-Based Study.

Parents of preterm children are more likely to adopt non-optimal parenting behaviors than parents of full-term (FT) children. However, there is a lack of studies on parents of children born moderate to late preterm (MLP; 32-36 gestational weeks). In this study, we aimed to examine: (1) the association between MLP birth status and the trajectory of parental overprotection throughout preschool years, and (2) the role of parental overprotection, MLP birth status, and their interaction in the prediction of the trajectories of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention throughout childhood. Data comes from a Canadian representative population-based cohort including 2028 FT, 100 MLP children, and their parents. Overprotective parenting was measured when children were 5, 17, and 29 months old. Hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms were measured repeatedly from 4 to 8 years of age. Trajectories of parents' overprotectiveness and children's hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention were modeled. MLP birth status was associated with an increase in parental overprotectiveness across the preschool period. MLP birth status and parental overprotection were both found to be associated with higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms across childhood. No interaction was found between birth status and parental overprotection. The results suggest that parents of MLP children become more overprotective across time compared to parents of FT children and that children born MLP and/or exposed to higher levels of parental overprotection demonstrated higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms across childhood.