ReviewBehavior research methods2021
The application of noninvasive, restraint-free eye-tracking methods for use with nonhuman primates.
Review in Behavior research methods, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dissecting disgust and fear in chimpanzees: From facilitation to disruption of cognitive processes.iScience · 2026Article
- Designing research interfaces for non-human minds: a biocentric design approach for animal cognition research.Animal cognition · 2026Review
- Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) show an attentional bias toward a male secondary sexual trait.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- The fundamentals of eye tracking part 4: Tools for conducting an eye tracking study.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Enhancing eye tracking for nonhuman primates and other subjects unable to follow instructions: Adaptive calibration and validation of Tobii eye trackers with the Titta toolbox.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Age, pair tenure and parenting, but not face identity, predict looking behaviour in a pair-bonded South American primate.Animal behaviour · 2024Article
- Friend or foe? Using eye-tracking technology to investigate the visual discrimination ability of giant pandas.Current zoology · 2024Article
- Selective and prolonged attention to emotional scenes in humans and bonobos.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- This or not that: select and reject control of relational responding in rats using a blank comparison procedure with odor stimuli.Animal cognition · 2024Article
- No immediate attentional bias towards or choice bias for male secondary sexual characteristics in Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Gaze tracking of large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) in a motion capture system.The Journal of experimental biology · 2024Article
- Perceptual integration of bodily and facial emotion cues in chimpanzees and humans.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Understanding others' preferences: A comparison across primate species and human societies.PloS one · 2024Article
- Bonobos and chimpanzees remember familiar conspecifics for decades.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- A new paradigm for investigating real-world social behavior and its neural underpinnings.Behavior research methods · 2023Article
- How to improve data quality in dog eye tracking.Behavior research methods · 2023Article
- The use of gaze to study cognition: limitations, solutions, and applications to animal welfare.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Eye Tracking in Dogs: Achievements and Challenges.Comparative cognition & behavior reviews · 2023Article
- Head-tracking of freely-behaving pigeons in a motion-capture system reveals the selective use of visual field regions.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The Promise of Behavioral Tracking Systems for Advancing Primate Animal Welfare.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past 50 years there has been a strong interest in applying eye-tracking techniques to study a myriad of questions related to human and nonhuman primate psychological processes. Eye movements and fixations can provide qualitative and quantitative insights into cognitive processes of nonverbal populations such as nonhuman primates, clarifying the evolutionary, physiological, and representational underpinnings of human cognition. While early attempts at nonhuman primate eye tracking were relatively crude, later, more sophisticated and sensitive techniques required invasive protocols and the use of restraint. In the past decade, technology has advanced to a point where noninvasive eye-tracking techniques, developed for use with human participants, can be applied for use with nonhuman primates in a restraint-free manner. Here we review the corpus of recent studies (N=32) that take such an approach. Despite the growing interest in eye-tracking research, there is still little consensus on "best practices," both in terms of deploying test protocols or reporting methods and results. Therefore, we look to advances made in the field of developmental psychology, as well as our own collective experiences using eye trackers with nonhuman primates, to highlight key elements that researchers should consider when designing noninvasive restraint-free eye-tracking research protocols for use with nonhuman primates. Beyond promoting best practices for research protocols, we also outline an ideal approach for reporting such research and highlight future directions for the field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.