ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2020
Pharmacological Treatment of Early Motor Manifestations of Parkinson Disease (PD).
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Comparative Efficacy of Non-ergot Dopamine Agonist and Potential Risk Factors for Motor Complications and Side Effects From NEDA Use in Early Parkinson's Disease: Evidence From Clinical Trials.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Gut microbiota modulation via repeated donor fecal transplantation improves motor and gastrointestinal symptoms in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease: a randomized phase 2 trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Trial
- Retinal Vascularity Index in Parkinson's Disease.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Historical and Current Ethnographic Use of Tobacco in Brazil: Implications for the Medicinal Use of Nicotine in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of environmental science and public health · 2026Article
- Article
- A new dawn for Parkinson's disease: commentary on the emergence of stem cell-based therapies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Neurotransmitter Dysregulation in Parkinson's Disease: Pathophysiological Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Temporal evolution of antiparkinsonian drug prescription over 17 years: a real-world data analysis of Korean patients with Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- A Review of the Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Management of Parkinson's Disease.Cureus · 2025Review
- Pharmacotherapy of motor symptoms in early and mid-stage Parkinson's disease: guideline "Parkinson's disease" of the German Society of Neurology.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Modified SqueezeNet Architecture for Parkinson's Disease Detection Based on Keypress Data.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson's Disease.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Review
- Assessment of Neuroprotective Effects of Low-Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation in a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model by Fractional Anisotropy and Relaxation Time T2Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Therapeutic Advances in Movement Disorders.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD), as a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder, undergoes six neuropathological stages. The earliest clinical manifestation presents in the middle stage of the disorder pathologically, when 50% or more of the dopaminergic neurons have degenerated in the substantia nigra. This discrepancy between the early stage clinically and that pathologically has, in part, spurred the debate as to when it is best to initiate symptomatic therapy. The most well-studied monotherapeutic agents for PD in its early course include levodopa (the cornerstone of PD therapy), dopamine agonists, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). With several options for initiating pharmacologic therapy, along with the heterogenous presentation of the disorder, an individualized approach is warranted. Careful deliberation must be done to optimize risk reduction while providing effective symptom control, taking the chronological age, comorbidities, social and financial disposition, work status, and both immediate- and long-term goals into consideration. Generally, treatment can be delayed in patients with mild symptoms and minimal functional impairment at any age. If treatment must be initiated, dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors can be used, especially in younger patients with milder disease. However, for older patients, those with moderate to severe PD symptoms, regardless of age, or for patients with greater comorbidities, levodopa generally remains the better choice. Eventually, regardless of initial therapy, studies have shown that most will eventually require levodopa therapy when symptoms become more disabling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.