ArticleJournal of infection and public health2020
Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Journal of infection and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of impacts of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety among general populations around the world.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A mixed-method analysis to identify the current focus, trends, and gaps in health science research in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers' anxiety levels: a meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of Psychological Impacts on Healthcare Providers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Anxiety, depression, trauma-related, and sleep disorders among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2021Pooled it
- The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Design and Validation of an Instrument to Evaluate Cognitive-Physiological Repercussions and Coping Strategies in a Pandemic Situation.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026Article
- Post-Traumatic Stress, Compassion Fatigue, and Psychological Well-Being Among Critical Care Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Mental Health Profiles of Healthcare Workers in Northern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional DASS-21 Study with Implications for Prevention and Interdisciplinary Care.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Workplace Bullying and Depression Among the Saudi Working Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Exploring healthcare workers' perceptions and experiences regarding post-traumatic stress disorder after 2 years of the last global pandemic.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Experiences of critical care nurses infected with COVID-19 in a Saudi Academic Hospital.Curationis · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Nurses during the early phase of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Changing Trends in the Mental Health Status of Healthcare Workers at COVID-19 Wards Three Years After the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in Saudi Arabia.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Identifying and Evaluating Predictors of Well-Being Among Nurses Working in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of nursing management · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of burnout among community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Poor Sleep Quality Among Psychiatry Physicians in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2024Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was recently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The first confirmed case in Saudi Arabia was announced on March 2, 2020. Several psychiatric manifestations may appear during pandemics, especially among frontline healthcare providers.
objectivesThis study sought to explore depression and anxiety levels among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 502 healthcare providers in the Ministry of Health. Depression and anxiety were assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) questionnaires, respectively.
resultsThe respondents represented various healthcare occupations: administrators (28.49%), nurses (26.29%), physicians (22.11%), non-physician specialists (13.94%), technicians (6.77%), and pharmacists (2.30%). The majority of them were male (68.1%). More than half of them had depressive disorder (55.2%), which ranged from mild (24.9%), moderate (14.5%), and moderately severe (10%) to severe (5.8%). Half of the sample had generalized anxiety disorder (51.4%), which ranged from mild (25.1%) and moderate (11%) to severe (15.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that males were significantly less predicted to have anxiety (Beta=-0.22, P-value <0.04), 30-39 years age group were significantly more predicted to have depression and anxiety group (Beta=0.204, P-value <0.001 and beta=0.521, P-value <0.003 respectively), and nurses had significantly higher mean score of anxiety (Beta=0.445, P-value <0.026).
conclusionsThis study revealed that depression and anxiety are prevailing conditions among healthcare providers. Although efforts were accelerated to support their psychological well-being, more attention should be paid to the mental health of female, 30-39 age group and nursing staff. Promoting healthcare service as a humanitarian and national duty may contribute to making it a more meaningful experience in addition to advocating for solidarity, altruism, and social inclusion. Longitudinal research studies need to be conducted to follow up on healthcare providers' mental health symptoms and develop evidence-based interventions.
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