Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32933863›Full record

ArticleObesity research & clinical practice

Trajectories of depressive symptoms and relationships with weight loss in the seven years after bariatric surgery.

Kathryn E Smith, Tyler B Mason, Li Cao, Ross D Crosby, Kristine J Steffen, Luis Garcia, Wendy C King, James E Mitchell

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Obesity research & clinical practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Depressive symptoms at short-, medium-, and long-term follow-up after bariatric surgical procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Early Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Brain Functionality.Journal of metabolic and bariatric surgery · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Weight and shape overvaluation and its relation to anxiety, depression, and maladaptive eating symptoms for patients up to 4 years after bariatric surgery.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Risk factors for preterm birth in pregnancies following bariatric surgery: an analysis of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery · 2022
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Anxiety predicts reduced weight loss 30 months after bariatric surgery.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery · 2022
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Kathryn E SmithDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address: ksmith41@usc.edu.
Tyler B MasonDepartment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Li CaoSanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, United States.
Ross D CrosbySanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, United States.
Kristine J SteffenSanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.
Luis GarciaSanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, United States; Sanford Health System, Sioux Falls, SD, United States.
Wendy C KingDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
James E MitchellSanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, United States.
Sanford Health · USSanford Research · USUniversity of Southern California · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

Disparities in COVID Disease Severity and Outcomes in New York CityUL1TR002384 · NCATS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI JULIANNE L IMPERATO-MCGINLEY · 2017 to 2026
$86.2M
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTE: BPCAUL1RR024153 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E · 2006 to 2011
$73.9M
CTSA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PEDIATRIC RESEARCHUL1RR024996 · NCRR · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI IMPERATO-MCGINLEY, JULIANNE L · 2007 to 2011
$49.6M
ZIPRASIDONE IN NORMAL HEPATIC FUNCTION SUBJECTS &IN HEPATIC DYSFUCTIN SUBJECTSM01RR000037 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MCDONALD, RUTH C · 1985 to 2007
$33.8M
Continuation of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) - DCCU01DK066557 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI BELLE, STEVEN H. · 2003 to 2015
$15.8M
BARIATRIC SURGERY CLINICAL RESEARCH CONSORTIUMU01DK066555 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI WOLFE, BRUCE M · 2003 to 2013
$6.2M
Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Insulin Resistance &CVDU01DK066585 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI COURCOULAS, ANITA P · 2003 to 2013
$5.0M
Bariatric Surgery: Outcomes & Impact on PathophysiologyU01DK066667 · NIDDK · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI BERK, PAUL DAVID, POMP, ALFONS · 2003 to 2015
$4.7M
Longtitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS)U01DK066568 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI FLUM, DAVID R · 2003 to 2013
$4.3M
East Carolina University Bariatric Surgery Clinical CenterU01DK066526 · NIDDK · EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY · PI PORIES, WALTER JULIUS · 2003 to 2015
$4.0M
Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS)U01DK066471 · NIDDK · SANFORD RESEARCH NORTH · PI MITCHELL, JAMES EDWARD · 2003 to 2015
$3.7M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002384NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000037NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024153NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024996NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK066471NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK066526NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK066555NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK066557NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK066568NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK066585NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK066667
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWhile depression generally improves after bariatric surgery, less is known regarding heterogeneity in long-term symptom change. Given that depressive symptoms have been associated with weight change following bariatric surgery, identifying and characterizing subgroups with more severe depressive symptoms may have prognostic utility for understanding post-surgical weight loss. This study sought to characterize patterns of change in depressive symptoms and evaluate associations with weight loss in the seven years following bariatric surgery.

methodsParticipants were 2308 patients who underwent bariatric surgery as part of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 (LABS-2) study. Depressive symptoms (measured by the Beck Depression Inventory) and weight were assessed annually following surgery.

resultsA group-based trajectory model identified six subgroups that evidenced distinct patterns of change in depressive symptoms, with the majority (87.0%) exhibiting stable low to average levels. Generalized linear mixed models indicated trajectory groups differed in percent total weight loss (%TWL), with trajectories characterized by initial decreases in depressive symptoms over the first two years (5.2% of participants) experiencing the highest %TWL (20.7% vs. 14.9-18.4% in the other trajectories at 7 years).

conclusionsFindings demonstrate meaningful heterogeneity in the pattern of changes in depressive symptoms after surgery. While most patients experience relatively low stable levels of depressive symptoms, those who have initial symptom improvement demonstrate the greatest magnitude of weight loss. Further research is necessary to explore the directionality of this association and the time-varying mechanisms by which depression and weight may mutually influence each other.

Indexed as

Bariatric SurgeryDepressionObesity, MorbidWeight LossFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleBariatric surgeryDepressionFollow-upWeight loss outcomes

Identifiers

PMID32933863
PMCPMC8320367
OpenAlexW3084837803

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.