ReviewNutrients2020
Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease-Cause, Consequence, or a Vicious Cycle?
Review in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune thyroid disease and human health: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- The association between vitamin D and hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- Article
- Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and Immunological Effects of Vitamin D in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Vitamin D and bone health: from physiological function to disease association.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Shared Immunopathogenic Mechanisms in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria, Vitiligo, and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Vitamin D.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Serum Vitamin D Levels in Autoimmune and Non-Autoimmune Hypothyroidism: A Retrospective Study from Jordan.Avicenna journal of medicine · 2025Article
- Genetic evidence of the causal relationship between serum micronutrients and Graves' disease: A Mendelian randomization and cross-sectional observational study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- Supplementation with active vitamin D3 ameliorates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice by modulating the differentiation and functionality of intrathyroidal T-cell subsets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Enhanced predictive validity of integrative models for refractory hyperthyroidism considering baseline and early therapy characteristics: a prospective cohort study.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Vitamin D.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Relationship between vitamin D and adolescents' hypothyroidism - a cross-sectional study.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2023Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones in Euthyroid Adults.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Vitamin DInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on autoimmune thyroid disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The correlation between vitamin D and levels of IFN-γ, NF-κB, thyroid antibodies in down syndrome: study in Indonesian children.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- On the Centennial of Vitamin D-Vitamin D, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Web of Links and Implications.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Vitamin D, the Vitamin D Receptor, Calcitriol Analogues and Their Link with Ocular Diseases.Nutrients · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone traditionally connected to phosphocalcium metabolism. The discovery of pleiotropic expression of its receptor and of the enzymes involved in its metabolism has led to the exploration of the other roles of this vitamin. The influence of vitamin D on autoimmune disease-namely, on autoimmune thyroid disease-has been widely studied. Most of the existing data support a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and a greater tendency for development and/or higher titers of antibodies linked to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and/or postpartum thyroiditis. However, there have also been some reports contradicting such relationships, thus making it difficult to establish a unanimous conclusion. Even if the existence of an association between vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid disease is assumed, it is still unclear whether it reflects a pathological mechanism, a causal relationship, or a consequence of the autoimmune process. The relationship between vitamin D's polymorphisms and this group of diseases has also been the subject of study, often with divergent results. This text presents a review of the recent literature on the relationship between vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid disease, providing an analysis of the likely involved mechanisms. Our thesis is that, due to its immunoregulatory role, vitamin D plays a minor role in conjunction with myriad other factors. In some cases, a vicious cycle is generated, thus contributing to the deficiency and aggravating the autoimmune process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.