ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Minor Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Liver and Kidney Damages via Downregulating Activation of TLR4-STAT1 and Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effects of ginsenosides in cisplatin-induced kidney injury: A systematic review, meta-analysis.Indian journal of pharmacologyPooled it
- Ginsenoside Rg2 attenuates secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory functions of ginsenosides in skin diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Activities of Emerging Rare Ginsenosides F1, Rg5, Rk1, Rh1, and Rg2: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Application of probiotic bacteria in ginsenoside bioconversion and enhancing its health-promoting benefits: a review.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- Advances in ginsenoside treatment for common kidney diseases: pharmacological evaluation and potential mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Protective effect of 6'-Sialyllactose on LPS-induced macrophage inflammationThe Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy of Boric Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver and Kidney Inflammation in Rats.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Enzymatic upcycling of wild-simulated ginseng leaves for enhancing biological activities and compound K.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Mechanism and therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in sepsis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Structural Characters and Pharmacological Activity of Protopanaxadiol-Type Saponins and Protopanaxatriol-Type Saponins from Ginseng.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Review
- Potential application of ginseng in sepsis:: Applications of ginseng in sepsis.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Review
- Puerarin@Chitosan composite for infected bone repair through mimicking the bio-functions of antimicrobial peptides.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- MALAT1-mediated EZH2 Recruitment to the GFER Promoter Region Curbs Normal Hepatocyte Proliferation in Acute Liver Injury.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2023Article
- Procoxacin bidirectionally inhibits osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity in bone and suppresses bone metastasis of prostate cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Article
- Red Ginger Extract Prevents the Development of Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting the Spinal Noradrenergic System in Mice.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Renal function protection and the mechanism of ginsenosides: Current progress and future perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Identification of anti-inflammatory components inChinese herbal medicines · 2023Article
- Amelioration of alcohol-induced acute liver injury in C57BL/6 mice by a mixture of TCM phytochemicals and probiotics with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ginsenosides have been reported to have various biological effects, such as immune regulation and anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of a combination of Rg2 and Rh1, which are minor ginsenosides, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation. In vitro experiments were performed using the RAW264.7 cell line, and an in vivo model of inflammation was established using LPS-treated ICR mice. We employed Griess assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate the effect of Rg2 and Rh1. We found that Rg2 and Rh1 significantly decreased LPS-induced major inflammatory mediator production, inducible-nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitric oxide production in macrophages. Moreover, Rg2 and Rh1 combination treatment inhibited the binding of LPS to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on peritoneal macrophages. Therefore, the combination of ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 suppressed inflammation by abolishing the binding of LPS to TLR4, thereby inhibiting the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway. The combined ginsenoside synergistically blocked LPS-mediated PKCδ translocation to the plasma membrane, resulting in p38-STAT1 activation and NF-κB translocation. In addition, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-β, were significantly decreased by combined ginsenoside treatment. Notably, the 20 mg/kg ginsenoside treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced acute tissue inflammation levels in vivo, as indicated by the tissue histological damage scores and the levels of biochemical markers for liver and kidney function from mouse serum. These results suggest that the minor ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1 may play a key role in prevention of LPS-induced acute inflammation and tissue damage.
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