Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32931092›Full record

ArticleWorld psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)2020

A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.

Joseph Firth, Marco Solmi, Robyn E Wootton, Davy Vancampfort, Felipe B Schuch, Erin Hoare, Simon Gilbody, John Torous, Scott B Teasdale, Sarah E Jackson and 11 more

3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 520 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
520citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
40.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04922749 naunknown statusnot on this map

Evaluation of the Implementation and Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Treatment for Inpatients With Mental Illness (MULTI+)

TypeinterventionalSponsorGGZ CentraalRan2020 to 2022Enrolled846ConditionsMental Illness, LifestyleArmsMULTI+
NCT05061225 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

The Efficacy of a Facebook-delivered Physical Activity Counselling Intervention on Mental Health in Firefighters: a Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorKU LeuvenRan2021 to 2022Enrolled60ConditionsPTSD, Stress, Psychological, Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Disorders and SymptomsArmsPhysical activity counselling
NCT05600205 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Implementation and Effectiveness of a Combined Support for the Ambulatory Lifestyle Intervention (GOAL!)

TypeinterventionalSponsorGGZ CentraalRan2022 to 2025Enrolled100ConditionsSevere Mental Illness, LifestyleArmsGOAL!
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

520 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 983 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. FIGO best practice recommendations for the mental health of women at menopausal age.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
    Guideline
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  8. Dietary E-Health Interventions for Adults With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025
    Pooled it
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460 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 17 institutions in 7 countries.

Joseph FirthDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Marco SolmiDepartment of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Robyn E WoottonMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Davy VancampfortKU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
Felipe B SchuchDepartment of Sports Methods and -Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
Erin HoareUKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of -Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Simon GilbodyMental Health and Addictions Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
John TorousDepartment of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Canter, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Scott B TeasdaleSchool of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, -Australia.
Sarah E JacksonDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
Lee SmithCambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, -Cambridge, UK.
Melissa EatonNICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Felice N JackaFood & Mood Centre, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Nicola VeroneseGeriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Wolfgang MarxFood & Mood Centre, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Garcia Ashdown-FranksDepartment of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Dan SiskindMetro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Jerome SarrisNICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Simon RosenbaumSchool of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, -Australia.
André F CarvalhoCentre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Brendon StubbsSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Deakin University · AUKing's College London · GBMRC Epidemiology Unit · GBUNSW Sydney · AUAnglia Ruskin University · GBBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USCentre for Addiction and Mental Health · CAKU Leuven · BEManchester Academic Health Science Centre · GBMetro South Health · AUThe University of Melbourne · AUUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria · BRUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Padua · ITUniversity of Palermo · ITUniversity of York · GBWestern Sydney University · AU

Funding

Medical Research Council G9815508Medical Research Council MC_PC_15018Medical Research Council MC_PC_19009Medical Research Council MR/T021780/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how "lifestyle factors" traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well-being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta-review of the top-tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Results from 29 meta-analyses of prospective/cohort studies, 12 Mendelian randomization studies, two meta-reviews, and two meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were synthesized to generate overviews of the evidence for targeting each of the specific lifestyle factors in the prevention and treatment of depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Standout findings include: a) convergent evidence indicating the use of physical activity in primary prevention and clinical treatment across a spectrum of mental disorders; b) emerging evidence implicating tobacco smoking as a causal factor in onset of both common and severe mental illness; c) the need to clearly establish causal relations between dietary patterns and risk of mental illness, and how diet should be best addressed within mental health care; and d) poor sleep as a risk factor for mental illness, although with further research required to understand the complex, bidirectional relations and the benefits of non-pharmacological sleep-focused interventions. The potentially shared neurobiological pathways between multiple lifestyle factors and mental health are discussed, along with directions for future research, and recommendations for the implementation of these findings at public health and clinical service levels.

Indexed as

anxiety disordersbipolar disorderdepressiondietary patternsLifestyle factorsmental disordersphysical activitypsychological well-beingschizophreniasedentary behaviorsleeptobacco smoking

Identifiers

PMID32931092
PMCPMC7491615
OpenAlexW3087653702

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.