ArticleAnesthesiology2020
Granger Causality of the Electroencephalogram Reveals Abrupt Global Loss of Cortical Information Flow during Propofol-induced Loss of Responsiveness.
Article in Anesthesiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- A methodological guideline for consciousness assessment via neural electrophysiological activity.Military Medical Research · 2025Guideline
- Esketamine Preserves Network Connectivity and Promotes Recovery in Consciousness Disorders.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation alters directed cortical communication during intentional actions.iScience · 2026Article
- Perceptual Bias in Motion Discrimination is Related to Asymmetric Interhemispheric Alpha Traveling Waves.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Accurate Machine Learning-based Monitoring of Anesthesia Depth with EEG Recording.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- Assessing consciousness in patients with locked-in syndrome using their EEG.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Zero-phase-delay synchrony between interacting neural populations: implications for functional connectivity-derived biomarkers.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Review of EEG Affective Recognition with a Neuroscience Perspective.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- EEG Changes during Propofol Anesthesia Induction in Vegetative State Patients Undergoing Spinal Cord Stimulation Implantation Surgery.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Assessing consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness using soft-clustering.Brain informatics · 2023Article
- Causality Analysis with Information Geometry: A Comparison.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Age-dependent neurovascular coupling characteristics in children and adults during general anesthesia.Biomedical optics express · 2023Article
- Application of Soft-Clustering to Assess Consciousness in a CLIS Patient.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Propofol-induced Unresponsiveness Is Associated with a Brain Network Phase Transition.Anesthesiology · 2022Article
- Brain and brain-heart Granger causality during wakefulness and sleep.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Ranking of communities in multiplex spatiotemporal models of brain dynamics.Applied network science · 2022Article
- Article
- Consciousness and complexity: a consilience of evidence.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2021Review
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4 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundIt is a commonly held view that information flow between widely separated regions of the cerebral cortex is a necessary component in the generation of wakefulness (also termed "connected" consciousness). This study therefore hypothesized that loss of wakefulness caused by propofol anesthesia should be associated with loss of information flow, as estimated by the effective connectivity in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) signal.
methodsEffective connectivity during anesthesia was quantified by applying bivariate Granger to multichannel EEG data recorded from 16 adult subjects undergoing a slow induction of, and emergence from, anesthesia with intravenous propofol. During wakefulness they were conducting various auditory and motor tasks. Functional connectivity using EEG coherence was also estimated.
resultsThere was an abrupt, substantial, and global decrease in effective connectivity around the point of loss of responsiveness. Recovery of behavioral responsiveness was associated with a comparable recovery in information flow pattern (expressed as normalized values). The median (interquartile range) change was greatest in the delta frequency band: decreasing from 0.15 (0.21) 2 min before loss of behavioral response, to 0.06 (0.04) 2 min after loss of behavioral response (P < 0.001). Regional decreases in information flow were maximal in a posteromedial direction from lateral frontal and prefrontal regions (0.82 [0.24] 2 min before loss of responsiveness, decreasing to 0.17 [0.05] 2 min after), and least for information flow from posterior channels. The widespread decrease in bivariate Granger causality reflects loss of cortical coordination. The relationship between functional connectivity (coherence) and effective connectivity (Granger causality) was inconsistent.
conclusionsPropofol-induced unresponsiveness is marked by a global decrease in information flow, greatest from the lateral frontal and prefrontal brain regions in a posterior and medial direction. Loss of information flow may be a useful measure of connected consciousness. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE:
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