ArticleThe Journal of chiropractic education2021
A pilot study to determine the consistency of peak forces during cervical spine manipulation utilizing mannequins.
Article in The Journal of chiropractic education, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can self-assessment and augmented feedback improve performance and learning retention in manual therapy: results from an experimental study.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2023Trial
- From mannequins to humans - are manual therapy motor skills transferable? A mixed-methods study.BMC medical education · 2026Observational
- Force variability of thoracic spine mobilization and manipulation delivered by experienced physiotherapists to healthy human volunteers and a manikin: an observational study.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2025Observational
- Chiropractic students' force-time parameters for chiropractic adjustments at the beginning and end of an academic term.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2025Article
- The evolution of teaching chiropractic manual skills: part 2 - a narrative review and discussion of the impact of research evidence authored by faculty of the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College.The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association · 2024Article
- Developing spinal manipulation psychomotor skills competency: A systematic review of teaching methods.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2023Article
- Development of a mannequin lab for clinical training in a chiropractic program.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCervical spine manipulation is a complex motor skill used to treat musculoskeletal ailments such as neck pain. There is evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of objective feedback and mannequins for the teaching of spinal manipulation (SM) in the thoracic and lumbar spine. This paper examines the effectiveness of an educational intervention combining both mannequins and force-sensing technology for teaching cervical SM.
methodsFourth-year chiropractic interns were separated into 2 groups: an intervention group and a group trained with the standard curriculum. The intervention included a 60-minute educational session focused on targeting 100 N total peak force cervical manipulations on mannequins, with objective feedback through force-sensing table technology. Pre- and post-CMs were recorded on both a mannequin and a paired student partner, with an attempt to have a target total peak force of 100 N.
resultsNinety students were recruited. The invention group (n = 46) scored significantly better at the outcome compared to the control group (n = 44) when manipulating the mannequin (p = .003). These improvements did not carry over when manipulating a paired human partner (p = .067).
conclusionFollowing a 1-hour cervical SM educational intervention utilizing thrusting on mannequins and force-sensing table technology, students demonstrated improved peak force control for SM delivered on the mannequin. However, this improvement was not carried over to SM delivered on human subjects.
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