ArticleThe Journal of chiropractic education2021
Mechanical properties of a thoracic spine mannequin with variable stiffness control.
Article in The Journal of chiropractic education, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Force variability of thoracic spine mobilization and manipulation delivered by experienced physiotherapists to healthy human volunteers and a manikin: an observational study.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2025Observational
- Development of a mannequin lab for clinical training in a chiropractic program.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveTo test the posterior-to-anterior stiffness (PAS) of a new thoracic spine training simulator under different conditions of "fixation."
methodsWe constructed a thoracic spine model using plastic bones and ribs mounted in a wooden box, with skin and soft tissue simulated by layers of silicone and foam. The spine segment could be stiffened with tension applied to cords running through the vertebrae and ribs. We tested PAS at 2 tension levels using a custom-built device to apply repetitive loads at the T6 spinous process (SP) and over adjacent soft tissue (TP) while measuring load and displacement. Stiffness was the slope of the force-displacement curve from 55 to 75 N.
resultsStiffness in the unconstrained (zero tension) condition over the SP averaged 11.98 N/mm and 6.72 N/mm over the TP. With tension applied, SP stiffness increased to 14.56 N/mm, and TP decreased to 6.15 N/mm.
conclusionThoracic model compliance was similar to that reported for humans. The tension control system increased stiffness by 21.3% only over the SP. Stiffness over the TP was dominated by the lower stiffness of the thicker foam layer and did not change. The mannequin with these properties may be suitable for use in manual training of adjusting or PAS testing skills.
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