ReviewArchives of microbiology2021
Shigella sonnei: virulence and antibiotic resistance.
Review in Archives of microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06523231 (Safety and Immunogenicity of a Second Generation Shigella Bioconjugate Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Second Generation Shigella Bioconjugate Vaccine: a Phase II Randomized, Controlled, and Blinded Study in 9-month-old Infants
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of improved water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition on early childhood IgG immune repertoire development againstmSphere · 2026Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a 4-Component Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens Shigella Vaccine in Healthy European Adults: Randomized, Phase 1/2 Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of Probiotic Properties and Antimicrobial Substances Produced by Five Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Foodborne and Spoilage Pathogens.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Review
- Protective immunity againstmSphere · 2026Article
- Third-generation cephalosporin-induced L-form transition inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Role of Milk on Gut Microbiota: Implications for Enhancing Oral Vaccine Efficacy.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei among children under five in Kenya's urban informal settlement.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Blue light regulates conidia production in Shiraia bambusicola via calcium/calmodulin signaling.AMB Express · 2026Article
- Investigation of the azithromycin resistance rate and related genes involved in this resistance in clinical Shigella species collected from children with diarrhea in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Genome mining and characterisation of biosynthetic clusters in Aspergillus japonicus isolated from the Amazon rainforest.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2026Article
- Effects of improved water, sanitation, handwashing and nutrition on early childhood IgG immune repertoire development againstmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Development of a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori using a novel saRNA technology through an immunoinformatics approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Recent insights on challenges encountered with phage therapy against gastrointestinal-associated infections.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- Functional Compound Bioaccessibility and Microbial Viability in Green and Black Tea Kombucha During Simulated Digestion.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Bacillary Dysentery Outbreaks - China, 2008-2024.China CDC weekly · 2025Article
- A multifunctional anti-O-Antigen human monoclonal antibody protects againstProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Protein-specific immune response elicited by themSphere · 2025Article
- Characterization of bacterial communities of ewe's vaginal tract and its potential impact on reproductive efficiency.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Exploration of potent antimicrobial and antioxidant bioactive compounds of selected medicinal plants against drug-resistant pathogens.3 Biotech · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shigella sonnei is the emerging pathogen globally, as it is the second common infectious species of shigellosis (bloody diarrhoea) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the leading one in developed world. The multifactorial processes and novel mechanisms have been identified in S. sonnei, that are collectively playing apart a substantial role in increasing its prevalence, while replacing the S. flexneri and other Gram-negative gut pathogens niche occupancy. Recently, studies suggest that due to improvement in sanitation S. sonnei has reduced cross-immunization from Plesiomonas shigelliodes (having same O-antigen as S. sonnei) and also found to outcompete the two major species of Enterobacteriaceae family (Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli), due to encoding of type VI secretion system (T6SS). This review aimed to highlight S. sonnei as an emerging pathogen in the light of recent research with pondering aspects on its epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenic mechanisms. Additionally, this paper aimed to review S. sonnei disease pattern and related complications, symptoms, and laboratory diagnostic techniques. Furthermore, the available treatment reigns and antibiotic-resistance patterns of S. sonnei are also discussed, as the ciprofloxacin and fluoroquinolone-resistant S. sonnei has already intensified the global spread and burden of antimicrobial resistance. In last, prevention and controlling strategies are briefed to limit and tackle S. sonnei and possible future areas are also explored that needed more research to unravel the hidden mysteries surrounding S. sonnei.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.