ArticleEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2022
The effect of age and sex on outcomes following isolated moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.
Article in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association Between Sex and Mortality After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurocritical care · 2026Pooled it
- Interaction of Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity with Low Back Pain in Pre- to Post-Menopause: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Gender Disparities in Morbidity and Mortality Following Traumatic Brain Injury Surgical Procedures.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Article
- Disparities in traumatic brain injury-related deaths-United States, 2020.Journal of safety research · 2022Article
- Predicting Global Functional Outcomes Among Post-traumatic Epilepsy Patients After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Development of a Prognostic Model.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- 17α-Ethinyl estradiol-3-sulfate increases survival and hemodynamic functioning in a large animal model of combined traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock: a randomized control trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe impact of female sex on traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes remains controversial. The combined impact of age and sex on TBI outcomes must be clarified. We hypothesized that females have better outcomes than males in the premenopausal age group.
methodsData from the 2007-2016 National Trauma Data Bank of the Committee on Trauma-American College of Surgeons were used. Of a total of 686,549 patients with moderate to severe TBI (AIS ≥ 3), 251,491 were female. Comparison analyses of clinical characteristics and outcomes between females and males were conducted at different age groups: < 45 years, 45-55, and > 55 years. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the impact of age and female sex on mortality and complications.
resultsMortality rate between females and males aged < 45 and 45-55 years was similar, but significantly reduced in the > 55 years group. After multivariate logistic regression analysis controlling for multiple confounding factors, we found that females aged > 55 years had markedly decreased risk of mortality (AOR: 0.857, 95% CI 0.835-0.879, p < 0.001) and complications.
conclusionFemale patients in the postmenopausal stage have better outcomes following TBI than males, but pre- and perimenopausal females do not, suggesting that female sexual hormones may not provide a significant protective effect on clinical outcomes following isolated moderate to severe TBI.
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