ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2020
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 374 citations in OpenAlex.
- SGLT2 versus DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of outcomes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor use and diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world studies.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, SGLT-2 Inhibitors, and DPP-4 Inhibitors as an Add-On Drug to Insulin Combined With Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs: Umbrella Review.Journal of diabetes research · 2024Pooled it
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors alleviate cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness and Safety of Fufang Danshen Dripping Pill (Cardiotonic Pill) on Blood Viscosity and Hemorheological Factors for Cardiovascular Event Prevention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Benefits and harms of drug treatment for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and gallbladder or biliary disease in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Pooled it
- Moringa Oleifera Lam. in Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review of Recent Studies and Possible Mechanism of Actions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on postprandial glucagon level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systemic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Fotagliptin add-on therapy to metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: A randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- Safety, Growth, and Development After Dapagliflozin or Saxagliptin in Children With Type 2 Diabetes (T2NOW Follow-Up).The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Effect of acarbose and vildagliptin on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-month, two-arm randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin-Pioglitazone Combination for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Poorly Controlled with Metformin: A Multicenter, Double-Blind Randomized Trial.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Trial
- Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of cetagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- The effect of linagliptin on microalbuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomized, double blinded clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Biochemical Evaluation of Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Waste Eriobotrya Japonica Seeds: Enzyme Inhibition and Antiglycation Potential.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) have been available for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus since 2006. Although they are a diverse group, DPP4i are all small, orally available molecules that interact with the catalytic site of DPP4 without disturbing any of its other known functions, including its effects on the immune system. DPP4i have no intrinsic glucose-lowering activity, so their efficacy as anti-diabetic agents is related directly to their ability to inhibit DPP4 activity and is mediated through the effects of the substrates they protect. Of these, the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1, is probably the most important. As the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 are glucose-dependent, the risk of hypoglycaemia with DPP4i is low. Class effects, which are directly related to the mechanism of action, are common to all DPP4i; these include their overall good safety profile and tolerability, as well as their efficacy in improving glycaemic control, but also, potentially, a small increased risk of acute pancreatitis. Compound-specific effects are those related to their differing chemistries and/or pharmacokinetic profiles. These compound-specific effects could affect the way in which individual DPP4i are used therapeutically and potentially explain off-target adverse effects, such as hospitalization for heart failure, which is seen only with one DPP4i. Overall, DPP4i have a favourable therapeutic profile and are safe and effective in the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.