ArticleScientific reports2020
Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein glycan shield reveals implications for immune recognition.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 249 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
249 citing papers in PubMed, 409 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Molecular mechanisms of immune evasion by host protein glycosylation of a bacterial immunogen used in nucleic acid vaccines.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- N-Glycans modulate tilting of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Host Glycan-Lectin Interplay in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nucleocapsid protein enhances spike- and RBD-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Conformational Preferences for N-Glycans at the Surface of CEACAM1-Ig1.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Roles of sex and SP-A genetic variants in modulating multiorgan injuries post viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The roles of post-translational modifications in the pathogenesis of RNA viruses: allies or adversaries?Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Framework-mediated binding of foreign and self-glycans by IGHV4-34 antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Antibody-drug conjugates for infectious and neglected tropical diseases: chemical design principles, target biology, and translational challenges.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Interdisciplinary Nanomaterials for Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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- In Silico and in vitro evaluation of Cucurbitaceae seed lectins as promising prophylactic and therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2.Glycoconjugate journal · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry: implications for biomedical strategies.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Exploring SARS-CoV‑2 Spike RBD Pockets as Targets for Generic Drugs: A Combined Computational, Biophysical, and Biological Approach.ACS omega · 2025Article
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- Broad-spectrum synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) inhibit viral entry across multiple virus families.Science advances · 2025Article
189 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Here we have generated 3D structures of glycoforms of the spike (S) glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2, based on reported 3D structures and glycomics data for the protein produced in HEK293 cells. We also analyze structures for glycoforms representing those present in the nascent glycoproteins (prior to enzymatic modifications in the Golgi), as well as those that are commonly observed on antigens present in other viruses. These models were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to determine the extent to which glycan microheterogeneity impacts the antigenicity of the S glycoprotein. Lastly, we have identified peptides in the S glycoprotein that are likely to be presented in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complexes, and discuss the role of S protein glycosylation in potentially modulating the innate and adaptive immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus or to a related vaccine. The 3D structures show that the protein surface is extensively shielded from antibody recognition by glycans, with the notable exception of the ACE2 receptor binding domain, and also that the degree of shielding is largely insensitive to the specific glycoform. Despite the relatively modest contribution of the glycans to the total molecular weight of the S trimer (17% for the HEK293 glycoform) they shield approximately 40% of the protein surface.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.