ArticleNeurology2020
Clinical features, prognostic factors, and antibody effects in anti-mGluR1 encephalitis.
Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune encephalitis with Anti-mGluR1 antibodies: a comprehensive review.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating health related quality of life and clinical measures in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Characteristics of Japanese Cases of Anti-Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 1 Antibody-Associated Cerebellar Ataxia.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Article
- Synaptophysin autoantibodies mediate synaptic dysfunction in cerebellar ataxia.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Detection of neural autoantibodies in dogs with non-infectious inflammatory central nervous system disorders.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and profiles of clinically diagnosed autoimmune cerebellar ataxia in a Japanese nationwide survey.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Neuronal antibody targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 in five cases and its pathogenicity.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Anti-mGluR encephalitis: case series and literature review.BMC neurology · 2026Review
- Clinical Phenotypes and Prognosis of Anti-mGluR1 Encephalitis: A Single-Center Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adolescent autoimmune encephalitis with dual positive anti-Drebrin and anti-mGluR2 antibodies: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Rare brainstem involvement in anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: A case of anti-mGluR1 antibody-associated encephalitis treated with efgartigimod combined with rituximab.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Brain atrophy in autoimmune encephalitis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis-an update.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Progress and challenges in sporadic late-onset cerebellar ataxias.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Multifactorial analysis of clinical prognosis in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a single-centre cohort study.Internal medicine journal · 2025Article
- Efficacy of early rituximab treatment in anti-mGluR1 encephalitis: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Frequency of autoimmune-associated exogenous psychoses in routine clinical care.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Neuro-immune crosstalk in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Case Report: Clinical features and management of anti-mGluR1 encephalitis: case illustration and review of the literature.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2025Article
- Clinical features of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia related to neuronal antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Marianna SpatolaFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain. marianna.spatola@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-2548-0429
Mar Petit PedrolFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Estibaliz MaudesFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Mateus SimabukuroFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Sergio Muñiz-CastrilloFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5958-3288
Anne-Laurie PintoFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Klaus-Peter WandingerFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Juliane SpieglerFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Peter SchrammFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Lívia Almeida DutraFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Raffaele IorioFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Cornelia KornblumFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Christian G BienFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2225-8654
Romana HöftbergerFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5769-1100
Frank LeypoldtFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Maarten J TitulaerFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1033-3840
Peter Sillevis SmittFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Jérôme HonnoratFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
Myrna R RosenfeldFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5095-2534
Francesc GrausFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8924-8322
Josep DalmauFrom the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (M. Spatola, M.P.P., E.M., M.R.R., F.G., J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Medical School (M. Spatola), Cambridge, MA; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience (M.P.P.), University of Bordeaux, France; Neurology Division (M. Simabukuro), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil; Centre de Référence des Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasiques et des Encéphalites Autoimmunes (S.M.-C., A.L.P., J.H.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INMG, Inserm U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, France; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology (K.-P.W.), Department of Neuropediatrics (J.S.), and Department of Neuroradiology (P.S.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein and General Neurology Division (L.A.D.), Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS (R.I.), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University Hospital Bonn; Epilepsy Center Bethel (C.G.B.), Krankenhaus Mara, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Neurology (M.J.T., P.S.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.R.R., J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; University Hospital Clínic (F.G.), University of Barcelona; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5856-2813
Université de Bordeaux · FR
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo clinically characterize patients with anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 1 encephalitis, to identify prognostic factors, and to study the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and effects of antibodies on neuronal mGluR1 clusters.
methodsClinical information on new and previously reported patients was reviewed. Antibodies to mGluR1 and IgG subclasses were determined with brain immunohistochemistry and cell-based assays, and their effects on mGluR1 clusters were studied on rat hippocampal neurons.
resultsEleven new patients were identified (10 adults, 1 child);4 were female. In these and 19 previously reported cases (n = 30, median age 55 years), the main clinical manifestation was a subacute cerebellar syndrome that in 25 (86%) patients was associated with behavioral/cognitive changes or other neurologic symptoms. A tumor was found in 3 of 26 (11%). Brain MRI was abnormal in 7 of 19 (37%) at onset and showed cerebellar atrophy in 10 of 12 (83%) at follow-up. Twenty-five of 30 (83%) patients received immunotherapy. Follow-up was available for 25: 13 (52%) had clinical stabilization; 10 (40%) showed significant improvement; and 2 died. At the peak of the disease, patients with bad outcome at 2 years (modified Rankin Scale score > 2, n = 7) were more likely to have higher degree of initial disability, as reflected by a worse Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score, and more frequent need of assistance to walk. Antibodies to mGluR1 were mainly IgG1 and caused a significant decrease of mGluR1 clusters in cultured neurons.
conclusionsAnti-mGluR1 encephalitis manifests as a severe cerebellar syndrome, often resulting in long-term disability and cerebellar atrophy. The antibodies are pathogenic and cause significant decrease of mGluR1 clusters in cultured neurons.
Indexed as
AdultAgedAnimalsAtrophyAutoantibodiesAutoimmune Diseases of the Nervous SystemCells, CulturedCerebellar DiseasesChildEmbryo, MammalianEncephalitisFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHippocampusHumansImmunoglobulin GAutoantibodiesImmunoglobulin Gmetabotropic glutamate receptor type 1Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
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