ReviewVaccines2020
Immunomodulatory Role of the Antimicrobial LL-37 Peptide in Autoimmune Diseases and Viral Infections.
Review in Vaccines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding bacterial biofilms: From definition to treatment strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- β-Amyloid (Aβ) and Human Cathelicidin LL-37: Two Sides of the Same Coin?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human and Marine Host Defense Peptides for Healthy Skin.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Article
- Natural and Synthetic Peptides as Alternatives to Antibiotics in Intestinal Infections-A Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Killer Peptide: an antibody-derived self-assembling peptide bridging antimicrobial and host-defense mechanisms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Differential antimicrobial activity of two LL37 derivatives against periodontal bacteria, including enhanced efficacy againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Breaking the outer membrane barrier: structure, targets, and antimicrobial strategies for Gram-negative bacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides: Current Status, Mechanisms of Action, and Strategies to Overcome Therapeutic Limitations.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial peptides for anticancer and antiviral therapy: last promising update.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Peptides in Focus: Functional Potential and Translational Evidence from Swine Systems.ACS omega · 2025Review
- The invisible agitators: exploring the viral interplay in psoriatic immune dysregulation.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Peptides of the Cathelicidin Family: Focus on LL-37 and Its Modifications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Unmasking MRSA's Armor: Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance and Pioneering Therapeutic Countermeasures.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Forging a New Frontier: Antimicrobial Peptides and Nanotechnology Converging to Conquer Gastrointestinal Pathogens.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Advances in Antimicrobial Peptides: Mechanisms, Design Innovations, and Biomedical Potential.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Phage-Encoded Antimicrobial Peptide gp28 Demonstrates LL-37-Like Antimicrobial Activity Against Multidrug-ResistantPHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Naturally derived bioactive compounds as precision modulators of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in psoriatic conditions.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Vitamin D-inducible antimicrobial peptide LL-37 binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike and accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF8.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, as well as epithelial cells, and are an essential component of innate immunity system against infection, including several viral infections. AMPs, in particular the cathelicidin LL-37, also exert numerous immunomodulatory activities by inducing cytokine production and attracting and regulating the activity of immune cells. AMPs are scarcely expressed in normal skin, but their expression increases when skin is injured by external factors, such as trauma, inflammation, or infection. LL-37 complexed to self-DNA acts as autoantigen in psoriasis and lupus erythematosus (LE), where it also induces production of interferon by plasmocytoid dendritic cells and thus initiates a cascade of autocrine and paracrine processes, leading to a disease state. In these disorders, epidermal keratinocytes express high amounts of AMPs, which can lead to uncontrolled inflammation. Similarly, LL-37 had several favorable and unfavorable roles in virus replication and disease pathogenesis. Targeting the antiviral and immunomodulatory functions of LL-37 opens a new approach to limit virus dissemination and the progression of disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.