ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2020
Psychological stress and cortisol during pregnancy: An ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-Based within- and between-person analysis.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Intensive Longitudinal Data Collection Methods in Health Research: Tutorial for Selecting Measures and Designing a Sampling Protocol.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Dynamic bidirectional relationships between perceived stress and emotion regulation in emergency medical service clinicians.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Diurnal cortisol trajectories from mid-pregnancy to one year after birth.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- The Use of Ecological Momentary Assessments to Measure Perceived Stress in People With Aphasia: A Feasibility Study.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2025Article
- Bridging acute and chronic stress effects on inflammation: protocol for a mixed-methods intensive longitudinal study.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Exploring Self-Perceived Stress and Anxiety Throughout Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Relationships Among Number of Stressors, Perceived Stress, and Salivary Cortisol Levels During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2024Article
- Using Ecological Momentary Assessments to Study How Daily Fluctuations in Psychological States Impact Stress, Well-Being, and Health.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- The future is dynamic: A call for intensive longitudinal data in immunopsychiatry.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Mental health, sleep quality, and hormonal circadian rhythms in pregnant women with threatened preterm labor: a prospective observational study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Observational
- Stress before conception and during pregnancy and maternal cortisol during pregnancy: A scoping review.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Stress, social support, and racial differences: Dominant drivers of exclusive breastfeeding.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- The association between history of prenatal loss and maternal psychological state in a subsequent pregnancy: an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- The effects of momentary loneliness and COVID-19 stressors on hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning: A lockdown stage changes the association between loneliness and salivary cortisol.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Article
- Fetal Hippocampal Connectivity Shows Dissociable Associations with Maternal Cortisol and Self-Reported Distress during Pregnancy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of Maternal Psychological Stress During Pregnancy on Offspring Brain Development: Considering the Role of Inflammation and Potential for Preventive Intervention.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Review
- Respiration rate during a stress task moderates neuroticism and perceived stress in older adults.Current issues in personality psychology · 2022Article
- Prospective association of maternal psychosocial stress in pregnancy with newborn hippocampal volume and implications for infant social-emotional development.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Article
- Amygdala size varies with stress perception.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the linkage between psychological stress and cortisol is believed to mediate the association of stress with health outcomes, several studies have been unable to demonstrate this association. We suggest this inability may be a consequence of limitations in the measurement approach and/or reliance on analytic strategies that focus on associations across, rather than within individuals. The link between psychological stress and cortisol is of particular interest in the context of pregnancy and fetal development. Using an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design, we examined the association between psychological stress and cortisol at the between- and the within-person level.
methods152 participants completed a 4-day long EMA protocol serially in early, mid and late pregnancy to provide momentary stress appraisals (average of 150 measures/subject) and saliva samples (average of 55 samples/subject) for quantification of cortisol. The association between stress and cortisol was estimated using linear mixed models.
resultsAfter accounting for the effects of key determinants of variation in cortisol, momentary stress was significantly and positively associated with cortisol at the within-person level (B = .030, p = .031), but not at the between-person level. No association was evident for traditional retrospective measures of stress with cortisol at either the between- or the within-person level.
conclusionsOur study highlights the value of EMA methods and linear mixed-modeling approaches in linking maternal psychological and physiological states across pregnancy. These findings may have important implications for the development of personalized risk identification and "just-in-time" intervention strategies to optimize maternal and child health.
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