ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2021
Regional variation in COVID-19 disparities: connections with immigrant and Latinx communities in U.S. counties.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Drivers of COVID-19 infections: Perspectives of managers in the Gauteng Department of Health, South Africa.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025Article
- Reviewing and Advocating for Data Disaggregation in Aging-Related Health Research: NIA Grants and Recommendations for Equity.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- COVID-19 as a Mirror: Reflecting the Pandemic of Racism and the Historical Roots of Health Inequities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Neighbourhood immigrant density and COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation among healthcare workers in Sweden: a register-based observational study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Racial and Regional Disparities Surrounding In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Evidence from NIS Sample in 2020.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Regional variation of COVID-19 admissions, acute kidney injury and mortality in England - a national observational study using administrative data.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago.Dialogues in health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 case rates, spatial mobility, and neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics in Toronto: a spatial-temporal analysis.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2023Article
- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education reductions during COVID-19 may have exacerbated health inequities.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Spatial Variation in COVID-19 Mortality in New York City and Its Association with Neighborhood Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to Prevention and Care of COVID-19 Infection in Cincinnati Latinx Families: a Community-Based Convergent Mixed Methods Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Immigrant Legal Status among Essential Frontline Workers in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era.The International migration review · 2023Article
- Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic response to strengthen undocumented migrant-sensitive health systems: case studies from four countries.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Review
- The COVID-19 Mortality Rate Is Associated with Illiteracy, Age, and Air Pollution in Urban Neighborhoods: A Spatiotemporal Cross-Sectional Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Geographic disparities in COVID-19 testing and outcomes in Florida.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Geoepidemiological perspective on COVID-19 pandemic review, an insight into the global impact.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Multiscale Dimensions of Spatial Process: COVID-19 Fully Vaccinated Rates in U.S. Counties.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- What have we learned about socioeconomic inequalities in the spread of COVID-19? A systematic review.Sustainable cities and society · 2022Article
- Ambulances Required to Relieve Overcapacity Hospitals: A Novel Measure of Hospital Strain During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.Annals of emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Racial concentration and dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination in the United States.SSM - population health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate associations between counties' COVID-19 cases and racial-ethnic and nativity composition, considering heterogeneity across Latin American-origin subgroups and regions of the United States.
methodsUsing county-level data and multilevel negative binomial models, we evaluate associations between COVID-19 cases and percentages of residents that are foreign-born, Latinx, Black, or Asian, presenting estimates for all counties combined and stratifying across regions. Given varying risk factors among Latinx, we also evaluate associations for percentages of residents from specific Latin American-origin groups.
resultsPercentage of foreign-born residents is positively associated with COVID-19 case rate (IRR = 1.106; 95% CI: 1.074-1.139). Adjusted associations for percentage Latinx are nonsignificant for all counties combined, but this obscures heterogeneity. Counties with more Central Americans have higher case rates (IRR = 1.130; 95% CI: 1.067-1.197). And, in the Northeast and Midwest, counties with more Puerto Ricans have higher case rates. Associations with percentage Asians are nonsignificant after adjusting for percentage foreign-born. With the confirmation of prior evidence, the percentage of Black residents is positively and robustly associated with COVID-19 case rate (IRR = 1.031; 95% CI: 1.025-1.036).
conclusionsCounties with more immigrants, as well as more Central American or Black residents, have more COVID-19 cases. In the Northeast and Midwest, counties with more Puerto Rican residents also have more COVID-19 cases.
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