Observational studyClinical and translational science2020
Effect of Combination Therapy of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin on Mortality in Patients With COVID-19.
Observational study in Clinical and translational science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An individual participant data meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Hydroxychloroquine and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.Pathogens and global healthPooled it
- Fabrication of an Azithromycin Sensor.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and chemical markers in campus dormitories in an evolving COVID - 19 pandemic.Journal of hazardous materials · 2023Article
- Antibiotics Use in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- The failure of drug repurposing for COVID-19 as an effect of excessive hypothesis testing and weak mechanistic evidence.History and philosophy of the life sciences · 2022Article
- Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An individual participant data meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- Azithromycin through the Lens of the COVID-19 Treatment.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Safety of Short-Term Treatments with Oral Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with and without COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sex differences in electrolyte imbalances caused by SARS-CoV-2: A cross-sectional study.International journal of clinical practice · 2021Article
- Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis.Future virology · 2021Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Azithromycin for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2021Article
- Azithromycin: Immunomodulatory and antiviral properties for SARS-CoV-2 infection.European journal of pharmacology · 2021Review
- Article
- Cardiac TdP risk stratification modelling of anti-infective compounds including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
- Cardiotoxic Potential of Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine and Azithromycin in Adult Human Primary Cardiomyocytes.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- Autoimmune diseases are independently associated with COVID-19 severity: Evidence based on adjusted effect estimates.The Journal of infection · 2021Article
- Reviews on Biological Activity, Clinical Trial and Synthesis Progress of Small Molecules for the Treatment of COVID-19.Topics in current chemistry (Cham) · 2021Review
- A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis Comparing Prophylactic and Therapeutic Low Molecular Weight Heparins for Mortality Reduction in 32,688 COVID-19 Patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Rationale for azithromycin in COVID-19: an overview of existing evidence.BMJ open respiratory research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conflicting evidence regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection do exist. We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study including 377 consecutive patients admitted for pneumonia related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Of these, 297 were in combination treatment, 17 were on HCQ alone, and 63 did not receive either of these 2 drugs because of contraindications. The primary end point was in-hospital death. Mean age was 71.8 ± 13.4 years and 34.2% were women. We recorded 146 deaths: 35 in no treatment, 7 in HCQ treatment group, and 102 in HCQ + azithromycin treatment group (log rank test for Kaplan-Meier curve P < 0.001). At multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.057, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.035-1.079, P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation/continuous positive airway pressure (HR 2.726, 95% CI 1.823-4.074, P < 0.001), and C reactive protein above the median (HR 2.191, 95% CI 1.479-3.246, P < 0.001) were directly associated with death, whereas use of HCQ + azithromycin (vs. no treatment; HR 0.265, 95% CI 0.171-0.412, P < 0.001) was inversely associated. In this study, we found a reduced in-hospital mortality in patients treated with a combination of HCQ and azithromycin after adjustment for comorbidities. A large randomized trial is necessary to confirm these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.