SynthesisJournal of autism and developmental disorders2021
Social Camouflaging in Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Social functioning in autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Autistic Traits and Camouflaging: A Meta-Analysis.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Pooled it
- A meta-analytic review of quantification methods for camouflaging behaviors in autistic and neurotypical individuals.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Disability barriers autistic girls face in secondary education: A systematic review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Is There a Bias Towards Males in the Diagnosis of Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Experiences of females on the autism spectrum through the perspective of minority stress theory: a review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A comparison of methods for measuring camouflaging in autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023Pooled it
- Gaze and social functioning associations in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Pooled it
- How do children with Tourette's syndrome and their caregivers live with the disorder? A systematic review of qualitative evidence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Emotion dysregulation is heightened in autistic females: A comparison with autistic males and borderline personality disorder.Women's health (London, England)Trial
- Neurodivergence Among Nurses in the Workforce: A Scoping Review.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale Parent and Teacher Reports (6 to 18 years) to Predict an Autism Diagnosis in a Clinical Sample.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Social Anxiety, Social Avoidance, Self-Esteem, and Loneliness: The Role of Class Type for Autistic Adolescents.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Relations Between Social Camouflaging, Life Satisfaction, and Depression Among Polish Women with ADHD.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- From Developmental Timing to Clinical Visibility: An Integrative Narrative Review of Sex-Related Neurocognitive Development.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Telehealth Diagnostic Tool for Autistic Children With Phrased and Fluent Speech: Comparison to In-person Diagnosis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Review
- Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Access to Early Intervention Programs for Infants with Prodromes of Autism.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Demographic and Autism Specific Factors on the Level of Depression in Autistic Adults.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Sex/gender differences in autistic traits, intelligence and executive functions of school-aged autistic children without intellectual disability.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing prevalence, and a male-to-female ratio of 4:1. Research has been suggesting that discrepancy in prevalence may be due to the fact that females camouflage their symptoms. In this study, we aimed to systematically review evidence on the camouflage effect in females with ASD. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed empirical research published from January 2009 to September 2019 on PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo and Scopus databases. Thirteen empirical articles were included in this review. Overall, evidence supports that camouflaging seems to be an adaptive mechanism for females with ASD, despite the negative implications of these behaviours in their daily life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
32926304What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.