Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32926262›Full record

Observational studyDigestive diseases and sciences2021

Disparities in Mortality and Health Care Utilization for 460,851 Hospitalized Patients with Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Harry Trieu, Arpan Patel, Christine Wells, Sammy Saab, Edward Wolfgang Lee

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. [Therapeutic efficacy of ASS1 combined with LOLA in the treatment of hyperammonemia in mice].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Harry TrieuDivision of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Arpan PatelDepartment of Statistics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Christine Wells3Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Pfleger Liver Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Sammy SaabDepartment of Statistics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Edward Wolfgang LeeDivision of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. EdwardLee@mednet.ucla.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0418-1454
University of California, Los Angeles · USRonald Reagan UCLA Medical Center · USUCLA Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common cause of hospitalizations and readmissions for patients with decompensated cirrhosis. In this study, we proposed to investigate recent trends in in-hospital mortality and utilization for patients with cirrhosis and HE and to explore the effect of various sociodemographic, hospital, and clinical factors on mortality.

methodsWe performed an observational study using serial cross-sectional data from the 2009-2013 National Inpatient Sample to examine hospitalizations of patients with cirrhosis and HE. We collected data on in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total hospital costs. We used negative binomial regression and logistic regression to investigate trends in utilization and multilevel modeling to examine the association between sociodemographic, hospital, and clinical factors and in-hospital mortality.

resultsThe annual total number of hospitalizations from HE has steadily risen from 75,475 in 2009 to 106,915 in 2013 (P < 0.001). Annual in-hospital mortality (11.9-10.2%, P < 0.001) and length of stay (7.5-7.1 days, P = 0.015) have significantly decreased over this timeframe. The presence of septicemia, GI bleeding, and being uninsured were associated with 29.6%, 16.7%, and 15.7% of in-hospital death, respectively. Patients hospitalized in the South, Medicare beneficiaries, and patients hospitalized in the Midwest had a 9.8%, 9.2%, and 8.9% chance of dying in the hospital.

conclusionThe number of hospitalizations from HE has increased while in-hospital mortality has concomitantly decreased from 2009 to 2013. Both traditional risk factors (sepsis and GI bleeding) strongly influence the probability of in-hospital death. However, disparities in mortality by sociodemographic factors (insurance status and geography) also exist.

Indexed as

FemaleHepatic EncephalopathyHospitalizationHumansLiver CirrhosisLogistic ModelsMaleMedicareSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesCirrhosisDisparitiesHepatic encephalopathyHospitalizationsOutcomes

Identifiers

PMID32926262
OpenAlexW3084847584

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.