SynthesisInternational journal of clinical oncology2020
Apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of clinical oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of darolutamide combination therapy in advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular events among men with prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Intensification Approaches and Treatment Sequencing in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.European urology · 2025Pooled it
- Safety profile of darolutamide versus placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy and adverse events of conventional and second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors for castration-resistant prostate cancer: A network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Overall survival and adverse events after treatment with darolutamide vs. apalutamide vs. enzalutamide for high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Novel Androgen Receptor Inhibitors in Non-Metastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of enzalutamide versus darolutamide doublet in mHSPC.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Real-world safety and efficacy of enzalutamide versus darolutamide in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.ESMO real world data and digital oncology · 2026Article
- Utilization patterns of second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors as first-line therapy for prostate cancer in the United States.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Article
- Packing the Punch: Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies in Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.Current urology reports · 2025Review
- Identifying Adverse Events in Outpatients With Prostate Cancer Using Pharmaceutical Care Records in Community Pharmacies: Application of Named Entity Recognition.JMIR cancer · 2025Article
- Androgen receptor inhibitors in treating prostate cancer.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Adverse events of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors in prostate cancer from real world data.PloS one · 2025Article
- Current uses and resistance mechanisms of enzalutamide in prostate cancer treatment.Expert review of anticancer therapy · 2024Review
- MYO6 contributes to tumor progression and enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer by activating the focal adhesion signaling pathway.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Relative search popularity of five advanced prostate cancer medications using Google Trends.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2024Article
- Targeting the cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts with next-generation FGFR inhibitors in prostate cancer co-culture models.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Androgen Receptor Inhibitors in Patients With Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Effectiveness and safety of enzalutamide and apalutamide in the treatment of patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC): a multicenter retrospective study.International journal of clinical oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 9 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Management of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) has undergone a paradigm shift with next-generation androgen receptor inhibitors. However, direct comparative data are not available to inform treatment decisions and/or guideline recommendations. Therefore, we performed network meta-analysis to indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of currently available treatments. Multiple databases were searched for articles published before June 2020. Studies that compared overall and/or metastasis-free and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival (OS/MFS/PSA-PFS) and/or adverse events (AEs) in nmCRPC patients were considered eligible. Three studies (n = 4117) met our eligibility criteria. Formal network meta-analyses were conducted. For MFS, apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide were significantly more effective than placebo, and apalutamide emerged as the best option (P score: 0.8809). Apalutamide [hazard ratio (HR): 0.85, 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.77-0.94] and enzalutamide (HR: 0.86, 95% CrI: 0.78-0.95) were both significantly more effective than darolutamide. For PSA-PFS, all three agents were statistically superior to placebo, and apalutamide emerged as the likely preferred option (P score: 1.000). Apalutamide (HR: 0.71, 95% CrI: 0.69-0.74) and enzalutamide (HR: 0.76, 95% CrI: 0.74-0.79) were both significantly more effective than darolutamide. For AEs (including all AEs, grade 3 or grade 4 AEs, grade 5 AEs, and discontinuation rates), darolutamide was the likely best option. Apalutamide and enzalutamide appear to be more efficacious agents for therapy of nmCRPC, while darolutamide appears to have the most favorable tolerability profile. These findings may facilitate individualized treatment strategies and inform future direct comparative trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.