ArticleJCO precision oncology2020
Immunological Differences Between Immune-Rich Estrogen Receptor-Positive and Immune-Rich Triple-Negative Breast Cancers.
Article in JCO precision oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- The immunology of human breast cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial analyses implicate high stromal tumour-infiltrating CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- The contribution of rare germline variants to the immune landscape of breast cancer.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity and immune microenvironment of early invasive estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer reveal an immune-rich subset.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- The Immunoregulatory Roles of ERα in Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Insights.Journal of cancer prevention · 2026Review
- Estrogen receptor signaling drives immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance in HR+ breast cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Immune Subtyping Identifies Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer Who Respond to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy (IO): Results From Five IO Arms of the I-SPY2 Trial.JCO precision oncology · 2025Article
- Pathological complete response, histologic grade, and level of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in ER + HER2- breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Exploring the role and mechanisms of MAGEA4 in tumorigenesis, regulation, and immunotherapy.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Exceptional Response to Pembrolizumab in Metastatic ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer With Liver Metastases: A Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2025Article
- Regulation of Stromal Cells by Sex Steroid Hormones in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment.Cancers · 2024Review
- Shifting the Paradigm: The Transformative Role of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Early Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Expression and Natural Killer Cell Infiltration and Its Correlation with Prognostic Features in Luminal Breast Cancers.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2024Article
- Breast cancers with high proliferation and low ER-related signalling have poor prognosis and unique molecular features with implications for therapy.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- An increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes after treatment is significantly associated with a poor response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancers.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- The Great Immune Escape: Understanding the Divergent Immune Response in Breast Cancer Subtypes.Cancer discovery · 2023Review
- Role of sex and sex hormones in PD-L1 expression in NSCLC: clinical and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Association of tumor immune microenvironment profiling and 21-gene recurrence assay in early breast cancer patients.European journal of medical research · 2022Article
- Dynamic Changes in the NK-, Neutrophil-, and B-cell Immunophenotypes Relevant in High Metastatic Risk Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-Resistant Early Breast Cancers.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Article
- Association of CD206 Protein Expression with Immune Infiltration and Prognosis in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeA subset of estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer (BC) contains high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), similar to triple-negative BC (TNBC). The majority of immuno-oncology trials target TNBCs because of the greater proportion of TIL-rich TNBCs. The extent to which the immune microenvironments of immune-rich ER-positive BC and TNBC differ is unknown. PATIENTS AND
methodsRNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 697 ER-positive BCs; n = 191 TNBCs) were used for discovery; microarray expression data from Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC; n = 1,186 ER-positive BCs; n = 297 TNBCs) was used for validation. Patients in the top 25th percentile of a previously published total TIL metagene score distribution were considered immune rich. We compared expression of immune cell markers, immune function metagenes, and immuno-oncology therapeutic targets among immune-rich subtypes.
resultsRelative fractions of resting mast cells (TCGA
conclusionDifferent immunotherapy strategies may be optimal in immune-rich ER-positive BC and TNBC. Drugs targeting the TGF-β pathway and M2-like macrophages are promising strategies in immune-rich ER-positive BCs to augment antitumor immunity.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.