ArticleScience advances2020
Smart, soft contact lens for wireless immunosensing of cortisol.
Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hair Cortisol Research in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - 10 Years of Insights and Open Questions. A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Selective and Fast Cortisol Sensing in Human Saliva Using Graphene-Based On-Chip Field-Effect Transistors.Small science · 2026Article
- Electronics-Free Visual Monitoring of Dry Eye Disease-Related Tear Biomarkers Using Smart Scleral Lenses.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Advances and Challenges in Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Review
- The Application of Flexible Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Sensors in Multidimensional Biosensing and Precision Medicine.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial-enabled smart contact lenses: bridging sensing, therapy, and theranostics for next-generation ocular healthcare.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Challenges of Wearable Biosensors and Ways to Overcome Them.Biosensors · 2026Review
- The Role of Chronopsychiatry in Precision Medicine: Circadian Dysregulation as Diagnostic Marker and Therapeutic Target.Current sleep medicine reports · 2026Review
- Tears and saliva as alternative matrices for minimally invasive assessment of acute stress and pain in sheep.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Shaping magnetic liquid metals into 3D leakage-free, shape-programmable structures and electronics.Advanced electronic materials · 2025Article
- A highly sensitive and multiplexed wireless sensing system with skin-like compliance and stretchability for wearable applications.Science advances · 2025Article
- Progress and Strategies of Wearable Sensors in Human Health Monitoring Based on Physiological, Biochemical, and Environmental Signals.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Ink based graphene integration into commercial contact lenses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Circadian Biomarkers in Humans: Methodological Insights into the Detection of Melatonin and Cortisol.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Implantable bioelectronics and wearable sensors for kidney health and disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Kirigami-Inspired Breathable Smart Contact Lens for Wireless Monitoring of Corneal Hypoxia and Microenvironment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Graphene-based wearable biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics: From surface functionalization to biomarker detection.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Review
- Current Strategies and Future Directions of Wearable Biosensors for Measuring Stress Biochemical Markers for Neuropsychiatric Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Advanced Healthcare Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite various approaches to immunoassay and chromatography for monitoring cortisol concentrations, conventional methods require bulky external equipment, which limits their use as mobile health care systems. Here, we describe a human pilot trial of a soft, smart contact lens for real-time detection of the cortisol concentration in tears using a smartphone. A cortisol sensor formed using a graphene field-effect transistor can measure cortisol concentration with a detection limit of 10 pg/ml, which is low enough to detect the cortisol concentration in human tears. In addition, this soft contact lens only requires the integration of this cortisol sensor with transparent antennas and wireless communication circuits to make a smartphone the only device needed to operate the lens remotely without obstructing the wearer's view. Furthermore, in vivo tests using live rabbits and the human pilot experiment confirmed the good biocompatibility and reliability of this lens as a noninvasive, mobile health care solution.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.