ArticleInfection ecology & epidemiology2020
Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia.
Article in Infection ecology & epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behavioural and environmental factors associated with the risk of human tick bites in the Grippenet/Covidnet cohort in France.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Running into the Lyme-light: a retrospective cross-sectional study of tick bites and Lyme disease prevalence, incidence, and prevention in hill runners, Scotland, UK.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Modelling tick abundance and environmental suitability in meso-Mediterranean landscapes for the prevention of tick-borne diseases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Living close to the forest is a risk factor for galactose-α-1,3-galactose sensitization.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Modelling the impact of climate and the environment on the spatiotemporal dynamics of Lyme borreliosis in Germany.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Increasing prevalence of galactose-α-1,3-galactose sensitization in the Danish general adult population.Allergy · 2025Article
- Land system governance shapes tick-related public and animal health risks.Journal of land use science · 2024Article
- Can protection motivation theory predict protective behavior against ticks?BMC public health · 2023Article
- Outdoor recreation, tick borne encephalitis incidence and seasonality in Finland, Norway and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021).Infection ecology & epidemiology · 2023Article
- Geo-Spatial Characteristics of 567 Places of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Infection in Southern Germany, 2018-2020.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Associating Land Cover Changes with Patterns of Incidences of Climate-Sensitive Infections: An Example on Tick-Borne Diseases in the Nordic Area.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Evaluation of factors influencing tick bites and tick-borne infections: a longitudinal study.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Are Orienteers Protected Enough against Tick Bites? Estimating Human Exposure to Tick Bites through a Participative Science Survey during an Orienteering Competition.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A Mini-Review ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases are emerging and re-emerging threats causing public health concerns in Europe and North America. Prevention and control requires understanding of human exposure and behaviour. The aim was to measure exposure to tick bites across Scandinavia, its spatial distribution and the associated risk factors. Methods We sent a web-based survey to a randomly chosen population and analysed answers by Principal Component Analysis and Chi-Square. Individual responses were aggregated at the municipality level to assess the spatial distribution of bites. Results Nearly 60% of adults reported bites at low levels (1-5 bites); however, the majority were not in their resident municipality. We found two spatial profiles: In their home municipalities, people were most often bitten in less, but not the least, urbanized areas. When visiting other municipalities, people were most frequently bitten in peri-urban areas. Running/walking in the forest, gardening, and paddling/rowing were activities most strongly associated with bites. Conclusion Tick bites affect the entire Scandinavian population, with a higher risk in Sweden compared to Denmark and Norway. The frequency of observation of ticks in the environment or on pets might be used as a proxy for the actual risk of exposure to tick bites. Our results indicates that urban-dwelling outdoor enthusiasts and inhabitants of rural areas must be equally targeted for prevention campaigns.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.